Question 1

The difference in the images seen by the left eye and the right eye is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The difference in the images seen by the left eye and the right eye is known as binocular disparity. This disparity allows for depth perception and is used by the brain to create a 3D image of the world around us. Fixation disparity refers to the misalignment of the eyes when looking at a single object, stereopsis is the perception of depth and 3D structure from visual information received by both eyes, and retinal slip is the movement of an image on the retina during eye movements.

Question 2

The ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Depth perception is the ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance. Multistable perception refers to the phenomenon of perceiving ambiguous stimuli in more than one way, haptic perception involves the sense of touch, and direct perception is a theory that suggests that perception occurs without the need for higher-level cognitive processing.

Question 3

From the window of an office on a skyscraper's 90th floor,taxis on the street look tiny.Of course,you know they are not toy cars;you are just really far up.This example illustrates the _____ cue of _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario is describing a monocular cue, as the viewer is only using information from one eye (the eye looking out the window). The cue being utilized is relative size, as the viewer is perceiving the taxis as small in comparison to the larger buildings and streets below.

Question 4

You are sitting in a stationary train at a busy station.Suddenly,you feel like you are slowly sliding backward as the train next to you begins to pull out.This illusion reflects the operation of the _____ cue of _____.

Accepted Answer

This illusion reflects the operation of the monocular cue of motion parallax, which occurs when objects that are closer to the viewer appear to move faster than objects that are farther away. In this scenario, the stationary train appears to be moving backwards in relation to the moving train, creating the illusion of motion parallax. Binocular cues, such as binocular disparity, require depth perception that involves the use of both eyes, which is not necessary for this illusion. Linear perspective, another monocular cue, involves the convergence of parallel lines, which is not present in this scenario.

Question 5

Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX).That we perceive three pairs of Xs reflects the Gestalt principle(s)of:

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt principle of proximity states that objects that are close to one another are perceived as a single unit or group. In the figure (XX XX XX), the Xs that are closest together are perceived as pairs, which is in line with the principle of proximity.

Question 6

_____ is a condition in which exposure to one sensation evokes an additional one.

Accepted Answer

Synesthesia is the condition in which exposure to one sensation (such as hearing a sound or seeing a letter) evokes an additional one (such as seeing a color or experiencing a taste). Polythesia, multithesia, and hyperthesia are not recognized terms in psychology or neuroscience.

Question 7

Mark and a Jacob are driving home on a college break.Mark is in the passenger seat.Bored,Mark gazes into the middle of an empty field.He notices that distant hilltops seem to move slowly in the same direction in which their car is moving;by contrast,mile markers on the side of the highway seem to whiz past them in the opposite direction.The difference in the apparent speed and direction of objects' motion serves as a depth cue termed motion:

Accepted Answer

The difference in the apparent speed and direction of objects' motion as seen by Mark due to the movement of the car is an example of motion parallax, which is a depth cue. Motion disparity refers to differences in the speed and direction of two images seen simultaneously by the left and right eye. Perspective and gradient are also depth cues, but they do not apply to this situation.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to the role of Gestalt psychology in contemporary psychology?

Accepted Answer

While Gestalt psychology is no longer a prominent school of thought in contemporary psychology, its focus on the organization of perceptual elements still has an influential role in the field. Many contemporary research studies still use Gestalt principles to guide their research on perception.

Question 9

Which of the following alternatives is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Exposure to one sensation evokes an additional one in most people with synesthesia" is the most accurate description of synesthesia. While synesthesia is not extremely rare, it is not as common as option C and D suggest, and option B is not entirely true as some people with synesthesia do experience color associations with sound.

Question 10

Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the relationship between top-down and bottom-up processing?

Accepted Answer

Top-down and bottom-up processes occur simultaneously in the perception of the world around us. Top-down processes involve the use of prior knowledge, context, and higher-level cognitive processes to interpret incoming stimuli. Bottom-up processes involve the detection and analysis of sensory information from the environment. Both types of processing work together to create a cohesive perception of the world around us.

Question 11

You are standing on the beach;the sea is choppy.You observe that the crests of distant waves appear less distinct than the crests of waves nearer the beach.This example illustrates a monocular cue known as:

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the monocular cue known as texture gradient, which refers to the fact that as distance increases, texture becomes less distinct and more compressed. In this case, the crests of distant waves appear less distinct compared to those nearer the beach, which creates a sense of depth and distance. The other options (linear perspective, relative size, and binocular disparity) do not apply to this particular example.

Question 12

_____ is series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt laws of organization refer to a set of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes. The principles include figure-ground relationship, similarity, proximity, continuity, closure, and common fate. These principles are often applied in fields such as design, psychology, and user experience to create effective and coherent visual communication. The other options are unrelated to this concept.

Question 13

Which of the following is a monocular cue?

Accepted Answer

Monocular cues are visual cues that can be perceived using only one eye. Motion parallax is a monocular cue that refers to the perception of movement of objects in the visual field when you are in motion. As you move your head, objects that are closer to you appear to move faster than those that are farther away. This helps the visual system to judge distance and depth relations in the scene. Convergence and retinal disparity are binocular cues that require the use of both eyes. Shadow stereopsis is not a recognized cue, as stereopsis refers specifically to the binocular perception of depth via retinal disparity.

Question 14

Perception that consists of the progression of recognizing and processing information from individual components of a stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing starts with recognizing individual components of a stimuli and then progressing towards the perception of the whole. The other options are not related to this type of processing.

Question 15

Perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge,experience,expectations,and motivations is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves using prior knowledge, experience, and expectations to guide perception. This can override or bias incoming sensory information, making perception more subjective and influenced by individual differences.

Question 16

Artie organizes the binders in his office by color.This color-coding exemplifies the Gestalt principle of:

Accepted Answer

The color-coding of the binders is based on their similarity in color, which exemplifies the Gestalt principle of similarity. Proximity refers to the grouping of similar things that are close together, chromaticity is not a recognized Gestalt principle, and closure refers to the tendency to perceive incomplete figures as whole.

Question 17

Which of the following Gestalt laws is correctly defined?

Accepted Answer

Proximity is the Gestalt law that describes the tendency to group stimuli that are closer together. This can include elements that are physically close or have similar spatial relationships.

Option A is incorrect as the correct definition for the law of similarity is that objects that share similar physical characteristics such as shape or color are seen as belonging together.

Option B is incorrect as the law of simplicity or Prägnanz states that objects or scenes will be perceived in the most simple, organized way possible.

Option D is incorrect as closure is the tendency to see complete shapes or forms even when only parts of the information are available.

Question 18

In a general sense,the overriding Gestalt principle of perceptual organization is:

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt principle of perceptual organization states that the brain tends to organize elements into the simplest possible form. This means that the brain tends to group together similar objects, shapes, or colors to form a single entity, in order to simplify the visual information that it receives. This principle of simplicity is the overriding principle of Gestalt psychology, and it guides the way we perceive and interpret the world around us.

Question 19

How does light therapy work?

Accepted Answer

Light therapy works by stimulating the production of healing enzymes. This process is believed to accelerate the body's natural healing mechanisms, aiding in the recovery of the treated area.

Question 20

_____ is the change in position of an object on the retina caused by movement of your body relative to the object.

Accepted Answer

Motion parallax is the change in position of an object on the retina caused by movement of your body relative to the object. This phenomenon allows us to perceive depth and distance of nearby objects. Shadow stereopsis is the perception of depth based on differences in the shading of objects. Convergence is the inward movement of the eyes as we look at objects up close. Retinal disparity is the difference in the image seen by each eye, which is used to perceive depth.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception