Question 1

The position one occupies within the structure of a group defines one's

Accepted Answer

The position one occupies within the structure of a group defines one's social role. Social roles are the set of behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that are associated with a particular position within a group or society. They define how individuals are expected to behave and interact with others in a specific social context. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately describe the concept of social roles.

Question 2

Teachers are expected to come to class prepared, on time, and to maintain order within the classroom, while imparting knowledge and facilitating learning.This describes a teacher's

Accepted Answer

This describes a teacher's social role, which includes the expectations and responsibilities associated with being a teacher in society. The other options do not accurately describe the situation.

Question 3

Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions are called

Accepted Answer

Social roles are the expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions. Cultures refer to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or organization. Social stereotypes are oversimplified and exaggerated beliefs about a group of people, while social status refers to the level of honor or privilege someone has in society.

Question 4

Being the member of a particular generation such as the "baby boomers" is an example of a(n) _____ role.

Accepted Answer

Being a member of a particular generation is an ascribed role because it is something that is assigned to an individual at birth based on their birth year. It is not something that is achieved or temporary, and while it may be permanent throughout their lifetime, that is not the defining characteristic of the role.

Question 5

Marriage customs, language, concepts of ownership, and sex roles would be considered parts of one's

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses all aspects of a society's way of life, including marriage customs, language, concepts of ownership, and sex roles. Proxemics refers to the study of spatial relationships, standardized norms refers to social rules and expectations that are widely accepted, and status refers to one's position in a social hierarchy.

Question 6

_____ psychology is the scientific study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence of others, whether actual or implied.

Accepted Answer

Social psychology focuses on understanding how social environments and interactions shape individual behavior, thoughts, and emotions. This includes studying topics such as group dynamics, social influence, prejudice, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 7

An ongoing pattern of life that characterizes a society at a given point in history is called

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and practices that characterize a society or group. It is an ongoing pattern of life that reflects the values and traditions of a particular time and place. Conformity, standard norms, and group cohesion are all aspects of culture, but they do not capture the full complexity of this dynamic concept.

Question 8

Vanessa is female, a daughter, and a young adult.The roles that shape her behavior are called _____ roles.

Accepted Answer

Ascribed roles are roles that are given to individuals based on characteristics they cannot control, such as gender, age, and family background. Vanessa's gender, as a female, and her family role as a daughter are examples of ascribed roles. Achieved roles, on the other hand, are roles that individuals acquire through their own efforts and abilities, such as being a doctor, athlete, or musician. Ascertained and actualized are not relevant terms in this context.

Question 9

An ongoing pattern of life that is passed from one generation to the next and includes such things as language, marriage customs and sex roles is called

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the question matches the definition of culture, which encompasses a broad range of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a society or group. Culture is learned and passed down through generations and shapes the way people view themselves and the world around them. Conformity, standard norms, and group cohesion are related concepts but do not capture the full scope of culture.

Question 10

According to the text, social psychology is the study of how people

Accepted Answer

The text states that social psychology is the study of how people behave in the presence of others. While social psychology can touch on other aspects of human behavior, this is the primary focus of the field. Options A, C, and D describe elements that may be examined in social psychology, but they are not the overarching focus.

Question 11

The oldest child or firstborn is an example of a(n) _____ role.

Accepted Answer

The oldest child or firstborn receives their role simply by being born first, which is an ascribed status. This is not a role that they achieve or that is defined for them by society.

Question 12

Which of the following is related to social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social psychology involves the study of how social settings and other people influence our behavior, as well as the study of compliance, conformity, obedience, culture, and social roles. Therefore, all of the given options are related to social psychology.

Question 13

Jay is an adolescent, while Edward is an elderly man.Thus, both of these would be considered _____ roles.

Accepted Answer

Ascribed roles are roles that are assigned to individuals at birth or based on their inherent characteristics, such as age, gender, or race. In this case, Jay and Edward's roles as adolescent and elderly man, respectively, are determined by their age, which is an ascribed characteristic.

Question 14

The are different sets of behaviors and expectations associated with your being a mother, a boss, or a student.These are examples of the _____ in your life.

Accepted Answer

Social roles are the behaviors and expectations associated with a particular position or status in society, such as being a mother, boss, or student. Cultural identities, social stereotypes, and status groups may also influence or overlap with social roles, but they are not directly synonymous with them.

Question 15

Roles that people do not choose for themselves, such as female or son, are called _____ roles.

Accepted Answer

Ascribed roles are based on qualities and characteristics that are assigned to individuals at birth or by society, such as gender or family background. Achieved roles, on the other hand, are based on an individual's own efforts and abilities, such as education or career. Affective roles relate to emotions and relationships, while earned roles are based on recognition or accomplishment.

Question 16

Dr.Salter is conducting a study on attitude change, while his colleagues Drs.Ashad and Morton are conducting research on conformity and obedience, respectively.These researchers are most likely

Accepted Answer

The researchers are all conducting research on topics that fall under the umbrella of social psychology, which is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others. Humanistic psychology, personality theory, and psychoanalytic psychology are all different fields of study that focus on different aspects of human behavior and individual differences, but they do not specifically address social influence in the same way that social psychology does.

Question 17

Being born into an organized society means that _____ are present when we arrive.

Accepted Answer

Being born into an organized society means that all three - established values, expectations, and behavior patterns - are already in place when we arrive. These established aspects of society shape our beliefs, attitudes, and actions as we grow and develop within that society.

Question 18

Sociologist Duncan Watts asked more than 60,000 senders to forward an e-mail to a first-name acquaintance, who would continued to forward the e-mail through first-name acquaintances until the e-mail reached 18 target recipients in 13 countries.Watts found that the average number of intermediaries before the e-mail reached its intended destination to be

Accepted Answer

Duncan Watts' experiment demonstrated the "small-world phenomenon," showing that the average number of intermediaries needed to connect two people is around 6, similar to the concept of "six degrees of separation."

Question 19

We all belong to many overlapping social groups, and in each we occupy a _____ in the _____ of the group.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about the position that we occupy within social groups. This implies a hierarchical structure, where different positions or roles hold different levels of power or influence within the group. Choice B mentions "position" and "structure," which best align with this idea of hierarchy and social organization. Choices A, C, and D are not as relevant to the concept of position within a social group.

Question 20

Roles are _____ if they are NOT under the individual's control, such as being an only child.

Accepted Answer

Ascribed roles are those that are assigned to an individual without their control, such as their race, gender, or family background. Being an only child is an example of an ascribed role, as it is determined by birth and not by personal achievement or choice. Achieved roles, on the other hand, are roles that an individual acquires through personal effort or achievement, such as becoming a doctor, athlete, or artist. Random and stereotyped roles are not mutually exclusive with achieved or ascribed roles.

Quiz 16: Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence