Question 1

The reason why men never initiate group grinding on the floor, according to Ronen, is that they

Accepted Answer

Ronen specifically mentions that men are worried about being seen as gay if they initiate group grinding on the floor.

Question 2

How do male cheerleaders express orthodox masculinity?

Accepted Answer

Male cheerleaders express orthodox masculinity through all the mentioned behaviors: using homophobic language, challenging others in feats of strength and skill related to cheerleading, and expressing superiority over females. These actions help them navigate and assert their masculinity within a space that is often feminized.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of what Anderson means when he refers to men by the term defensive heterosexuality?

Accepted Answer

Defensive heterosexuality refers to the defensive mechanism used by some men to assert their heterosexuality in situations where their masculinity is threatened. Expressing lust towards women and using the workplace as a means to access attractive women is an example of this. Option A is an example of toxic masculinity and Option B is an example of coming out, not defensive heterosexuality.

Question 4

Grinding usually begins with women dancing with women signifying that

Accepted Answer

Grinding beginning with women dancing with women and involving joking or laughing is often a way to show that the behavior is not intended to be sexually charged, but rather a form of social dance or interaction.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic tenets described in this article for describing American masculinity?

Accepted Answer

"Be a strong shoulder" is not listed among the commonly referenced tenets for describing American masculinity within the context provided. The other options, "give 'em hell," "be a big wheel," and "be a sturdy oak," are classic descriptors of traditional American masculine ideals, emphasizing aggression, success/status, and stoicism, respectively.

Question 6

Compare the expressions of femininity as seen by the models in Mears and Finlay's study with the expressions of orthodox masculinity as described in Anderson's study of male cheerleaders. How do these two groups serve to perpetuate traditional notions of femininity and masculinity in American culture? Do you see this changing or staying the same for both genders? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the expressions of femininity as seen...

Question 7

When women wanted to reject a man's advances to grind, she often

Accepted Answer

All of the above options could be effective ways for a woman to reject a man's advances to grind. Staying in a close group of friends can show a sense of unity and that the woman is not looking to dance with anyone outside of her friend group. Using nonverbal cues such as avoiding eye contact or turning away can give a clear message that the woman is not interested or available. Walking off the dance floor can also make it clear that the woman is not interested in dancing with the man in question.

Question 8

For a woman to indicate acceptance of a man's advancement to grind with her, she

Accepted Answer

In a club setting, grinding is often done through nonverbal cues and physical proximity. The woman may not directly say she's interested, but by allowing the man to stay close and touch her, she is indicating acceptance of his advance to grind with her. A and B are not necessarily common cues for accepting a grind, and D is unrelated.

Question 9

For grinders to show more interest in a heterosexual partner, they could not do it just by dancing, since this act, in itself, had sexualized overtones. Rather, to indicate interest

Accepted Answer

All the other choices involve indirect communication which may not be clear to the potential partner. Option A involves direct physical contact which can indicate interest in a clear manner.

Question 10

Among men who practice what Anderson calls inclusive masculinity, which of the following is NOT an indicator of the shift in attitude from homophobic to gay-friendly?

Accepted Answer

The inclusive masculinity that Anderson describes still emphasizes physical strength and fitness as signs of masculinity, even as it becomes more gay-friendly. Therefore, option C is not an indicator of a shift in attitude towards the acceptance of homosexuality.

Question 11

For members of the Inclusive Cheerleading Association, which of the following would be considered acceptable behavior?

Accepted Answer

The Inclusive Cheerleading Association promotes inclusivity and diversity in cheerleading, meaning all forms of expression and participation, including dancing competently (regardless of style), throwing other members in the air (a common cheerleading stunt), and men taking center stage, are considered acceptable. This inclusivity supports the idea that all members, regardless of gender, should be able to participate fully and equally in all aspects of cheerleading.

Question 12

When Ronen refers to "grinding" on the dance floor, which of the following is NOT another way this term is used?

Accepted Answer

While "grinding" can be referred to as freaking, booty-dancing, or bumping, "pounding the flesh" is not a commonly used phrase to describe this type of dance style.

Question 13

Contrast orthodox heterosexuality with inclusive heterosexuality, using examples from Anderson's study of male cheerleaders. If inclusive heterosexuality is becoming more common, as Anderson states, what implications does this have for society? Do you think that men, in general, are becoming more open to homosexuality or does homophobia still reign in male culture in America?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast orthodox heterosexuality with inclusive heterosexuality, using...

Question 14

Ronen says that during grinding there is a "double standard" in place. What does she mean by this?

Accepted Answer

Ronen is referring to a societal double standard where women are more likely to be judged harshly or negatively for engaging in grinding than men are, despite both genders participating in the activity consensually. Women may be labeled as "sluts" or promiscuous, while men do not face similar negative connotations.

Question 15

In order to avoid embarrassing instances where a woman would have to reject a man, women, instead,

Accepted Answer

Women often resorted to traditional gender roles, such as being submissive and deferent, to avoid embarrassing or awkward situations for the man.

Question 16

For male cheerleaders, which of the following is a way that they express their masculinity, even in a strongly feminized terrain?

Accepted Answer

Lifting women over their heads requires physical strength and displays masculinity, even in an activity traditionally associated with femininity like cheerleading. Doing complex dance steps and showing flexibility can also be seen as impressive displays of physical ability, but lifting requires more overt demonstration of strength and dominance. Cheering louder through megaphones may be seen as aggressive or competitive behavior, rather than an expression of masculinity in a feminized terrain.

Question 17

Explain what the author means by hegemonic masculinity. How is this best expressed in American culture? What are the consequences for men in this culture who do not express hegemonic masculinity in the traditional ways?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what the author means by hegemonic...

Question 18

For the sample of male cheerleaders chosen by Anderson, which of the following best describes who they are?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the sample of male cheerleaders chosen...

Question 19

During grinding,

Accepted Answer

Grinding typically involves men as the aggressors and touching women in a sexual manner. This behavior is often seen as inappropriate outside of the context of grinding.

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be an example of men who work in traditionally feminized terrains?

Accepted Answer

Lawyers are not typically viewed as working in a traditionally feminized terrain. The other options, including elementary school teachers, nurses, and hairdressers, are typically associated with female-dominated professions.

Quiz 1: Sociological Odyssey: Contemporary Readings in Introductory Sociology