Question 1

In Charcot's time,most physicians dismissed hysteria as malingering because:

Accepted Answer

Many physicians in Charcot's time dismissed hysteria as malingering because no organic cause could be found for its symptoms.

Question 2

Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of Charcot?

Accepted Answer

While Charcot did study hypnosis and its effects on patients, he did not discover the process of hypnosis as it is known today. Hypnosis had been utilized for centuries before Charcot's time.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of Pierre Janet?

Accepted Answer

Pierre Janet believed in the dissociation of parts of the personality and also believed in using hypnotism to discover these dissociated memories. Additionally, he believed it was the therapist's role to uncover and bring awareness to these hidden traumatic memories. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of Franz Mesmer?

Accepted Answer

All of these choices are true of Franz Mesmer. He helped dispel exorcism as a form of "psychotherapy" through his debates. He believed that a person's health could be restored by redistributing the magnetic force field within the body. He also believed that some people have stronger magnetic force fields than others and these people with stronger magnetic fields are natural healers.

Question 5

The group commissioned to investigate the validity of Mesmer's claims concerning animal magnetism concluded that:

Accepted Answer

The group investigating the validity of Mesmer's claims concluded that there was no such thing as animal magnetism and any positive results from his treatments were due to the power of imagination or suggestion. This was known as the "imaginationist" explanation, and it contributed to the eventual rejection of Mesmerism as a legitimate medical practice.

Question 6

According to Szasz,the diagnosis of mental illness reflects all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz argued that the diagnosis of mental illness is more about social, moral, and political judgments rather than being purely a medical judgment. He believed that what is often labeled as mental illness is a deviation from societal norms rather than an actual medical condition.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Charcot's explanation of hysteria?

Accepted Answer

Charcot believed that traumatic experiences caused certain ideas to become dissociated from consciousness where they become strong enough to cause hysterical symptoms. He did not believe that all hysteric symptoms were caused by lesions in the brain or that hysteric symptoms only occurred in patients who were hypnotized. He also did not deny the real existence of hysteria, but rather proposed a psychological explanation for its symptoms.

Question 8

The founder of the Nancy School of hypnosis was

Accepted Answer

The founder of the Nancy School of hypnosis was Liébeault, who was a French physician and hypnotherapist. The Nancy School was named after the French town Nancy, where Liébeault practiced and taught hypnosis. The Nancy School emphasized the role of suggestion in hypnosis and is known for developing a gentler, more permissive approach to hypnosis than the earlier authoritarian approach of Charcot and the Salpêtrière School.

Question 9

What important lesson did Freud learn from Charcot?

Accepted Answer

Freud learned that psychological disorders can cause physical problems from Charcot's work with hysterical patients.

Question 10

According to Szasz,psychiatry can be a worthy profession if it:

Accepted Answer

Szasz believed that psychiatry should focus on helping clients better understand themselves, others, and life, rather than attempting to cure them of mental illnesses or accepting the medical model of mental illness. He was also strongly against segregating mentally ill people from the rest of society.

Question 11

Members of the Nancy School believed that hypnotizability was ____,whereas Charcot believed it to be ____.

Accepted Answer

The Nancy School, led by Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim, believed that hypnotizability was a normal phenomenon that could be observed in most people, contrasting with Jean-Martin Charcot's view that it was a pathological condition indicative of hysteria.

Question 12

Szasz argues that:

Accepted Answer

Szasz argues that the belief that mental illness is a real medical illness has hurt more people than it has helped, labeling problems in living as an illness or a disease implies the person is not responsible for their behavior and not responsible for solving their problems, and diagnosing a person as having a particular mental illness or disease may encourage him or her to think and act in ways dictated by the diagnosis. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 13

What was the outcome of Mesmer's proposal that 10 of his patients be treated by him and 10 be treated by members of the French Academy of Medicine,and then the results compared?

Accepted Answer

Mesmer's proposal was rejected by the French Academy of Medicine, as they believed his theories of animal magnetism to be fraudulent.

Question 14

While studying artificial somnambulism,Puységur discovered the phenomenon later called:

Accepted Answer

Puységur discovered both posthypnotic suggestion and posthypnotic amnesia while studying artificial somnambulism.

Question 15

Who made the phenomenon of neuro-hypnology (later shortened to "hypnosis")respectable within the medical community?

Accepted Answer

James Braid, a Scottish surgeon, is credited with making the phenomenon of neuro-hypnology (later shortened to "hypnosis") respectable within the medical community. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Hypnotism" for his work in the 19th century that helped to demystify and scientifically explain the process, moving it away from the mystical connotations associated with Mesmerism.

Question 16

Posthypnotic suggestion is

Accepted Answer

Posthypnotic suggestion is a suggestion made during hypnosis that can be executed after the person has come out of the hypnotic state. It involves the individual being given a suggestion to perform some act while in a hypnotic trance and then actually performing the act when they are no longer in a trance.

Question 17

After studying with Charcot,Sigmund Freud believed that

Accepted Answer

After studying with Charcot, Sigmund Freud began to develop his theory of psychoanalysis, which suggested that ideas could become unconscious and repressed, leading to bodily symptoms and mental illness. This concept is one of the foundational beliefs of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology. Freud also believed in the importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult mental health. While he initially used hypnosis in his treatment approach, he later moved away from it and developed the method of free association.

Question 18

After Mesmer sank into obscurity as a result of a commission's findings about his practices,which of the following men gave well-received lectures on animal magnetism in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Charles Poyen was a French mesmerist who emigrated to the United States in the mid-19th century and gave well-received lectures on animal magnetism. He helped to popularize mesmerism in the United States and was known as the "Father of American Mesmerism."

Question 19

The fact that many people who will not respond to suggestion when alone with a physician will do so in a group is called:

Accepted Answer

The fact that people are more likely to respond to suggestion in a group is known as the contagion effect. This can occur due to a variety of factors, such as social pressure or the desire to conform to group norms. The other options are not relevant to this phenomenon.

Question 20

According to Charcot,the sequence of events from trauma to pathogenic ideas,to physical symptoms could only occur in individuals who were:

Accepted Answer

According to Charcot, the sequence of events leading from trauma to physical symptoms only occurred in individuals who were inherently predisposed to hysteria.

Quiz 15: Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness