Question 1

One of the many environmental changes caused by the Industrial Revolution was:

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the environment, causing a range of environmental problems including air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination. Air pollution was caused primarily by the massive increase in industrial activity, with factories burning coal and other fossil fuels to power their machines. Water pollution was caused by population increases in urban centers, with human and industrial waste being dumped into rivers and streams. Home heating with wood was also a significant source of air pollution, contributing to respiratory problems among urban populations. Finally, mining operations often resulted in the pollution of nearby water sources with detritus and toxic chemicals.

Question 2

The internal combustion engine was developed by:

Accepted Answer

The internal combustion engine was developed by Carl Benz and Gottleib Daimler. Benz invented the first gasoline-powered car in 1885 and Daimler developed the first motorcycle in 1885 and the first four-wheeled automobile in 1886, both using internal combustion engines.

Question 3

Great Britain began to lose its lead in the Industrial Revolution in the second half of the nineteenth century due to new industries being developed by other countries,industries such as:

Accepted Answer

Other countries developed new industries in chemical processes and energy, which contributed to Great Britain losing its lead in the Industrial Revolution.

Question 4

Direct communication between the United States and Europe was not possible until:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Direct communication between the United States and...

Question 5

Fully one and a half centuries after industrialization began in Great Britain,the largest single occupational category was that of _________ workers.

Accepted Answer

While industrialization did transform the economy, it did not erase the pre-existing agricultural sector. In fact, agriculture remained the largest sector for much of the 19th century in Britain and other industrializing countries. Therefore, the largest single occupational category was likely that of agricultural workers.

Question 6

By the mid-nineteenth century,the world economy had divided into two major groups:

Accepted Answer

The division of the world economy into those who produced manufactured goods and those who supplied raw materials was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. Industrialized nations produced mass-produced goods using advanced machinery and technology, while less developed nations supplied natural resources such as cotton, rubber, and minerals. This division remained relevant throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, creating a global economic hierarchy dominated by the industrialized nations.

Question 7

One of the greatest obstacles to freely buying and selling land and the commercialization of agriculture in nineteenth-century Europe was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the greatest obstacles to freely...

Question 8

Samuel Smiles is most well known for advancing the middle-class ethic of:

Accepted Answer

Samuel Smiles is most well known for advocating for the middle-class ethic of self-help. He believed that individuals could improve their own lives through hard work, perseverance, and personal responsibility, rather than relying on government or charity. This philosophy was reflected in his popular book, "Self-Help," which encouraged people to take control of their own destinies and use their own talents and abilities to succeed.

Question 9

In nineteenth-century society,the "middle class" was unified by similar or common:

Accepted Answer

The middle class was unified by common values such as hard work, individualism, and a belief in the importance of education and moral character. This sense of shared values helped to create a sense of identity and solidarity within the middle class. While income and material possessions may have been important factors in determining an individual's class status, they were not sufficient to create a sense of unity and common purpose among the middle class. Religion and family ties may have been important to some members of the middle class, but they were not universal or defining characteristics of the group as a whole.

Question 10

The Victorian attitude toward gender roles is best summarized by the lines "Man for the field and woman for the hearth; man for the sword and she for the needle. . . . All else is confusion" was written by:

Accepted Answer

The lines "Man for the field and woman for the hearth; man for the sword and she for the needle. . . . All else is confusion" were written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in his poem "The Princess" (1847). This poem reflects the Victorian attitude toward gender roles, which emphasized strict divisions and limitations based on biological sex. Men were expected to be tough, active, and dominant, while women were expected to be gentle, passive, and submissive. This gender ideology was reinforced by many cultural and social institutions of the time, including literature, education, and religion.

Question 11

By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial countries of Europe included:

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial...

Question 12

Most of the labor force in Russia was made up of _________,who remained bound to the land and did not profit from their labor until 1861.

Accepted Answer

Serfs were the majority of the labor force in Russia and were bound to the land until 1861 when they were emancipated by Alexander II. Peasants and women also made up a significant portion of the labor force, but the question specifically mentions the group that did not profit from their labor until 1861, which refers to the serfs. Children and men were also part of the labor force, but the question does not specify their role in relation to not profiting from their labor.

Question 13

Farmers and agricultural workers in England in the 1820s burned barns and haystacks under the banner of their mythical leader,Captain Swing,to protest:

Accepted Answer

The rioters, who called themselves "Swing Rioters," were protesting the introduction of increasingly widespread threshing machines, which they viewed as a direct threat to their livelihood as manual laborers. The name "Captain Swing" is thought to have been a pseudonym under which the rioters wrote threatening letters to farm owners and other authorities.

Question 14

Middle-class "respectability" required:

Accepted Answer

Hard work, character, and financial independence were the core values of middle-class "respectability". While an education at Oxford or Cambridge and owning one's own business were desirable, they were not necessary for middle-class respectability. A household with five servants was a sign of upper-class wealth, not necessarily middle-class respectability.

Question 15

The "angel in the house" referred to:

Accepted Answer

The "angel in the house" was a term coined by poet Coventry Patmore in 1854 to describe the ideal woman of Victorian England. She was expected to be devoted, submissive, and to prioritize the needs and happiness of her husband and children above her own. Middle-class women were expected to embody this ideal in order to maintain social order and harmony.

Question 16

The rapid growth of European cities such as Manchester,Birmingham,and Essen was due to:

Accepted Answer

The growth of cities such as Manchester, Birmingham, and Essen was mainly due to the expansion of manufacturing and mining in the areas surrounding them. The availability of coal and other resources in these areas led to the growth of industries that required large numbers of workers, which in turn led to the development of urban centers.

Question 17

In the nineteenth century,middle-class success stories were mostly a myth since:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the nineteenth century,middle-class success stories were...

Question 18

One consequence of the industrialization of Europe was its detrimental effect on the environment.This was first noted in its effect on air quality,as typified by Coketown,the fictional city in the novel Hard Times by:

Accepted Answer

The novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens contains a fictional city called Coketown, which is used to illustrate the negative effects of industrialization on the environment, particularly air quality.

Question 19

Working people had an advocate for their plight in the writings of:

Accepted Answer

Victor Hugo is known for his advocacy for the working class in his writings such as Les Misérables, which highlights the struggles and injustices faced by the lower classes in 19th century France.

Question 20

The Great Famine of 1845-1849:

Accepted Answer

The Great Famine of 1845-1849 was responsible for the deaths of at least one million Irish due to widespread potato crop failure, which was the primary source of food for the majority of Irish peasants.

Answer: D 
 The famine did lead to tensions and violence between Irish peasants and their English landlords, as many landlords continued to demand rent payments and evicted tenants who could not pay, despite the famine's impact on their ability to earn a living. However, this did not result in open class war, as suggested in choice D.

Therefore, the best choices are C and D.

Quiz 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society