Question 1

Internalized sets of actions that enable children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.

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Question 2

List at least three of the actions,identified in your text,that parents can take to prevent obesity in their young children.

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Question 3

Schooling at the preschool and early elementary years that is characterized by active hands-on teaching methods instead of abstract paper-and-pencil activities presented to large groups.The activities are based on the typical developmental patterns of children in a certain age group and the uniqueness of each child.

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Question 4

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

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Question 5

The process by which a "teacher" keeps up with the ongoing progress of the "learner" by changing the level of support over a teaching session.

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Question 6

The distance between what a child can accomplish on his/her own,and what he/she can accomplish with assistance from a more knowledgeable other.

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Question 7

A theoretical approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

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Question 8

The focusing of cognitive resources.

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Question 9

The knowledge that superficial changes in appearance in objects do not change the fundamental attributes of objects (such as mass or volume).

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Question 10

The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds,assuming there is no rehearsal of the information.

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Question 11

An Italian physician who in the beginning of the 20th century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's education in Rome.Using her nontraditional methods,she was able to teach children with mental retardation to read and write.

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Question 12

The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

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Question 13

A major difference between Japanese and American preschools is the

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Japanese preschools focus heavily on academic instruction, while American preschools prioritize socialization and play-based learning. The other options may also differ between the two countries, but the emphasis on academic instruction is the significant difference.

Question 14

A cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.

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Question 15

A philosophy of education where the teacher acts as a "facilitator",instead of a director,and gives children considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing their own activities.

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Question 16

This theorist proposed that children's cognitive development occurs in a series of universal stages.This theorist suggested that during early childhood,children represent the world with words,images,and drawings.

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Question 17

The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.

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Question 18

Focusing of one's attention on one salient characteristic of a situation while excluding all other characteristics.

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Question 19

Early childhood education curriculum design is at the center of a controversy between those who believe it should take a constructivist approach,and those who believe in the instructivist approach.Lilian Katz argues that they are both overlooking children's

Accepted Answer

Lilian Katz argues that both the constructivist and instructivist approaches are overlooking children's intellectual development, which suggests that intellectual development is a key area of focus in early childhood education curriculum design.

Question 20

The process in which axons are covered with a layer of fat cells,which increases the speed of information traveling through the nervous system.

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Quiz 5: Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development