Question 1

Leibniz referred to the rules of arithmetic,the geometrical axioms,and the rules of logic as examples of what he called:

Accepted Answer

Leibniz referred to necessary truths as those which are true in all possible worlds and do not depend on empirical evidence. The rules of arithmetic, geometrical axioms, and rules of logic are all considered necessary truths as they are universally accepted and do not depend on specific observations or experiences. Therefore, A) necessary truths is the best choice.

Question 2

Which of the following is least consistent with Leibniz's conception of the universe?

Accepted Answer

Leibniz's conception of the universe rejected the notion that the universe is composed solely of material particles in motion and their interaction with each other. Instead, he believed that the universe is composed of monads, which are individual, spiritual entities with their own internal structure and activity.

Question 3

Leibniz proposed all of the following features of "minute perceptions" except:

Accepted Answer

Leibniz did not propose that minute perceptions are experienced only by animals and humans. In fact, he believed that all monads, even inanimate ones, have minute perceptions.

Question 4

Which of the following was one of Leibniz's favorite metaphors for the human mind at birth?

Accepted Answer

Leibniz famously compared the human mind at birth to a veined slab of marble, contrasting with John Locke's idea of the mind as a blank slate (tabula rasa). Leibniz's metaphor suggests that while the mind has innate structures or predispositions (like the veins in marble), experience shapes how these predispositions are realized, much like how a sculptor reveals the statue within the marble.

Question 5

In Leibniz's New Essays on Human Understanding he likened his own position to that of ___________,and Locke's position to that of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Leibniz's New Essays on Human Understanding...

Question 6

Leibniz's conception of the mind-body relationship holding that monads do not mutually influence one another,but rather pursue independent but parallel and harmonious courses,is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Leibniz's conception of the mind-body relationship is known as Psychophysical Parallelism, which posits that mental and physical events do not causally interact with each other, but instead run side-by-side in perfect harmony, as each is governed by its own set of laws. This means that there is no direct interaction between monads, but they each act independently, without influencing each other.

Question 7

Leibniz defined apperception as:

Accepted Answer

Leibniz defined apperception as the process by which ideas are accompanied by self-awareness and interpreted in terms of underlying laws and principles, which is the definition given in option A. This includes the individual's reflective awareness of their own mental processes, allowing for ideas to be unified and comprehended as a coherent experience.

Question 8

Leibniz's sentient monads are characteristic of __________________,while rational monads relate to ________________.

Accepted Answer

According to Leibniz, sentient monads are the basic units of consciousness that are characteristic of nonhuman organisms, while rational monads are the basic units of consciousness that relate to human beings. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 9

Leibniz defined monads as:

Accepted Answer

Leibniz defined monads as all of the above - units that contain within themselves directed energies or forces, units that have capacities to perceive and register impressions of the rest of the world, and the ultimate units making up the universe. These three characteristics are all important components of Leibniz's concept of monads.

Question 10

Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses," with the exception of what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is...

Quiz 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz