Question 1

Fantz's research method-studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli-is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fantz's research method-studying whether infants can distinguish...

Question 2

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

Accepted Answer

The "visual cliff" experiment was designed to test depth perception in infants and young animals. The experiment involved a table with a transparent surface that had a pattern underneath, creating the illusion of a cliff. Infants and animals were placed on the table and their reactions to the apparent edge were observed. This experiment showed that most animals, including humans, have depth perception as early as six months old. Therefore, the best choice is D, depth perception.

Question 3

Amanda is 6 days old.Which of the following statements about Amanda's hearing is true?

Accepted Answer

At 6 days old, Amanda's hearing ability is still developing. However, research suggests that newborns are more sensitive to high-pitched sounds than low-pitched sounds. This means that choice C is the most likely correct answer. Additionally, at this age, Amanda may not yet be able to determine the specific location from where a sound is coming, but she may be able to detect the general direction. Therefore, choice D is not accurate. Choice A is also not true because newborns have a less developed auditory system compared to adults, so they are not more sensitive to pitch.

Question 4

According to your text,infants can discriminate among colors as early as:

Accepted Answer

According to the text, studies have shown that infants as young as 4 weeks of age can differentiate between colors. This suggests that they have some level of color vision early on in life.

Question 5

Sheena would like to hang a picture above her baby's crib.Which of the following is likely to attract the MOST attention from the infant?

Accepted Answer

Infants are naturally attracted to faces, and a drawing of a normal face is likely to capture their attention more than other shapes or scrambled faces.

Question 6

The theorists who developed the ecological view of perceptual development in infancy are:

Accepted Answer

The ecological view of perceptual development in infancy was developed by Eleanor and James Gibson. They argued that perception is not simply a matter of detecting and interpreting sensory information, but also involves active exploration and interaction with the environment. Their theory emphasizes the role of perception in guiding action and facilitating learning, and suggests that infants are born with innate perceptual abilities that enable them to make sense of their surroundings from an early age.

Question 7

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times.The baby looks carefully at the block at first,but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times.The baby is showing:

Accepted Answer

The baby is showing habituation, which is the decreasing responsiveness to a repeated stimulus over time. This is evident in the fact that the baby loses interest in the colorful block after seeing it several times.

Question 8

The experience of our world as a smooth,unitary episode is made possible by intermodal:

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception refers to the ability of the brain to integrate information from multiple sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, etc. This integration allows us to perceive the world as a seamless and unified experience, rather than a collection of disjointed sensations. Therefore, intermodal perception is essential for the smooth, unitary experience of our world, and it involves not only sensation but also perception and interpretation. However, out of the given options, perception is the best choice because it directly relates to intermodal integration. Reflection refers to the bouncing back of light or sound waves, and interpretation is part of cognitive processes that come after intermodal integration.

Question 9

The most important recent advance in measuring infant perception

Accepted Answer

The development of sophisticated eye-tracking equipment has allowed for more precise and detailed measurements of infants' visual attention and perception. It allows researchers to track eye movements and gaze direction, providing insight into how infants process and attend to visual stimuli. This technology has led to significant advances in the study of infant perception.

Question 10

The use of fetal fMRI to studying hearing in infants has revealed that response to sounds occurs at:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of fetal fMRI to studying...

Question 11

Baby Kendra,who is 6 days old,is presented with two breast pads.One comes from her mother,and the other has not been used.Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Accepted Answer

Kendra will most likely prefer her mother's breast pad because it has her mother's scent on it, which will be familiar and comforting to her. Newborns use their sense of smell to identify their mothers and feel secure. The clean breast pad will not have this familiar scent.

Question 12

Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son.She wants to know if newborns can feel pain.What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

Recent research has indicated that infants can feel pain. It is important to consider the use of anesthesia during circumcision to minimize any potential pain or discomfort for the newborn.

Question 13

Baby Jane,three days old,is shown four drawings: a bright blue square,a white oval,a yellow circle,and a drawing of a face.In view of Fantz's work,which drawing would she probably prefer to look at?

Accepted Answer

According to Fantz's work, newborns prefer to look at faces over other shapes or objects. Therefore, Baby Jane would likely prefer to look at the drawing of the face.

Question 14

Your professor says that our perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it.This indicates that he holds a(n)_____ view on perceptual development.

Accepted Answer

The professor's view is consistent with the ecological perspective, which emphasizes the environmental context in which perception occurs, and how perception serves the adaptive function of helping us to interact with and adapt to that environment. The ethological perspective emphasizes the innate and species-specific aspects of perception, while the evolutionary perspective focuses on how perceptual abilities have evolved over time. The genetic perspective emphasizes the role of genetics in shaping perceptual development.

Question 15

At about what age do infants perceive that occluded objects are whole?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At about what age do infants perceive...

Question 16

Which of the following statements about perception in infants is true?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a less developed auditory system than adults and are less able to detect soft sounds. However, they can hear high-pitched sounds quite well, which is why infant-directed speech tends to be high in pitch. Infants are also able to localize sounds to some extent, though their ability to do so improves as they get older. Infants are able to perceive pain, but they may not be able to communicate it effectively.

Question 17

Sensitivity to taste:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that babies in the womb are able to taste and swallow amniotic fluid, which can be influenced by the mother's diet. This suggests that sensitivity to taste is present even before birth.

Question 18

In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk,most babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would:

Accepted Answer

In the visual cliff experiment, most babies did not crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff, indicating that they had developed depth perception and were able to perceive the difference in depth between the shallow and deep sides of the visual cliff. The babies' reluctance to crawl onto the deep side suggests that they had an innate fear or avoidance of heights, which is a common human response to potentially dangerous situations. Some of the babies showed increases in heart rate, which further supports the idea that they experienced anxiety about the situation, but this did not necessarily lead them to crawl onto the deep side.

Question 19

Baby Max watches his mother jingle her keys in front of him.After several minutes,he looks away,no longer interested.This would indicate that he has habituated as he is showing a(n)_____ to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Habituation refers to a decrease in responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposures. In this scenario, Baby Max was initially interested in the sound of the jingling keys, but after several minutes of exposure, he looked away and was no longer interested, indicating habituation. Therefore, the best choice is A - decreased responsiveness.

Question 20

The newborn's vision is estimated to be _____ on the Snellen eye examination chart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The newborn's vision is estimated to be...

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy