Question 1

Infantile or childhood amnesia indicates that most adults can remember little if anything from the first ________ of their life.

Accepted Answer

Childhood amnesia typically refers to the inability to remember events from the first three years of life. While some early memories may persist, many adults have little to no recollection of events from this period.

Question 2

The use of elaboration has been shown to dramatically increase between

Accepted Answer

Elaboration, a cognitive process involving the expansion and adding of details to memories or concepts, significantly increases between late childhood and late adolescence. This period is marked by substantial cognitive development, including improvements in abstract thinking, memory, and executive functions, which facilitate more complex elaboration.

Question 3

It appears that the reliability of young Mallory's reports as an eyewitness has as much to do with the _________________________________ as with ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

The question suggests that both the skills and motivation of the interviewer and the natural limitations of the child's memory play a role in the reliability of Mallory's reports. Option B reflects this idea by stating that the reliability has as much to do with the skills and motivation of the interviewer as with the natural limitations of the child's memory. Option A incorrectly suggests that the child's honesty is a factor, which is not mentioned in the question, and option C incorrectly implies that the reliability is dependent on the memory of the interviewer rather than their skills and motivation.

Question 4

James is trying to teach his 5-year-old son Kirk the number to dial in case of an emergency.As a memory aid,James says,"Just keep saying the numbers 9,1,and 1 over and over." James is attempting to improve Kirk's memory via

Accepted Answer

James is using rehearsal as a memory aid by instructing Kirk to say the numbers over and over.

Question 5

A good example of showing children how hard it is to retrieve unorganized information is to ask them to recall

Accepted Answer

The answer of A good example of showing children how...

Question 6

Ryan and his daughter Tara are about to go to the grocery store.Before leaving,Ryan shows Tanya a list containing about 12 items and asks her to help him remember what to buy.Ryan hints that it might be easier to remember the items if Tanya thinks in terms of categories like dairy products,fruits,and candy.Ryan's memory hint involves the memory strategy of

Accepted Answer

Ryan's hint to categorize the grocery items shows that he is using the organization strategy, which involves grouping related items together to make them easier to remember.

Question 7

________________________ memory refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory involves the conscious recollection of factual information and past experiences. It is also known as declarative memory. This is different from implicit memory, which refers to unconscious memory, such as muscle memory or conditioned responses.

Question 8

A memory strategy in which a child arranges items into categories is called

Accepted Answer

The memory strategy in which a child arranges items into categories is known as organization.

Question 9

Carolyn Rovee-Collier places an infant in a crib underneath an elaborate mobile and ties one end of a ribbon to the baby's ankle and the other end to the mobile.The baby kicks and makes the mobile move.Later the baby is returned to the crib but its foot is not tied to the mobile.The baby kicks,apparently trying to make the mobile move.This demonstrates that infants ___________________ information.

Accepted Answer

The experiment conducted by Carolyn Rovee-Collier shows that infants have the ability to remember perceptual-motor information. This is evidenced by the fact that the baby kicked and tried to make the mobile move even when the ribbon was not tied to its ankle, indicating that it remembered the previous experience of kicking and making the mobile move. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the experiment's findings, while option C is not supported by the experiment. Option D is a vague statement and does not fully explain the experiment's results.

Question 10

The following conclusions about children as eyewitnesses indicate there are a number of factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.Which one of the following is not one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed- age differences, individual differences, and interviewing techniques- are factors that can influence the accuracy of young children's memories.

Question 11

On a vocabulary test,Veronica has to remember the definition of "scrumptious." Her teacher recommends that she picture herself eating the last delicious "crumb" of her favorite cake.Her teacher is attempting to improve recall by encouraging

Accepted Answer

The teacher is suggesting that Veronica creates a mental image of herself eating a delicious cake, which is an example of imagery. Imagery is a mnemonic strategy that involves creating vivid and sensory mental pictures to aid in memory recall.

Question 12

___________ is a type of elaboration that helps improve remembering information.

Accepted Answer

Thinking of images (also known as imagery) is a type of elaboration that can help improve memory. When people create mental images associated with new information they are trying to remember, it can aid retrieval later on. This is because the mental image provides an additional cue or association that helps the person remember the information better.

Question 13

In a memory-span task,Joey hears a short list of stimuli-usually digits¾presented at a rapid pace (one per second,for example).Then he is asked to repeat the digits.The test is an assessment of ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A memory-span task, as described in the scenario, involves the presentation of a short list of stimuli at a rapid pace, followed by a prompt for immediate recall. This is a classic example of a short-term memory task, also known as working memory, which involves the temporary storage and manipulation of information for a brief period of time. Long-term memory, on the other hand, refers to the more permanent storage of information over an extended period of time. The answer is therefore A) short-term.

Question 14

The memory strategy of organization is used more by ___________ children than _____________ children.

Accepted Answer

The memory strategy of organization, which involves categorizing information to remember it more effectively, is typically used more by older children than younger children. As children age, they develop and utilize more complex memory strategies.

Question 15

In _____________________,verbatim information is encoded and understanding the gist is more likely to produce a longer memory trace.

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal involves actively repeating or practicing information, which can lead to a longer memory trace. The other options do not involve actively processing information in this way.

Question 16

What memory strategy involves going beyond the information given in order to make information more memorable?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves connecting new information to existing knowledge or creating associations between pieces of information to make it more memorable. This goes beyond simple repetition or rehearsal of information.

Question 17

A psychologist tests the memory span of children.Seven-year-old Perry is asked to recall the following list of numbers: 2,4,7,8,3,1,5.Given the typical short-term span of a 7-year-old,how many numbers will Perry remember?

Accepted Answer

The typical short-term memory span for a 7-year-old is around 5-7 items. Therefore, Perry is likely to remember around 5 numbers from the list. Choice C, which is 5, is the closest option to this estimate. Thus, C is the best choice.

Question 18

What is the cause of infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia is believed to be caused by the immaturity of the prefrontal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for storing and retrieving long-term memories. As a result, memories from early childhood may not be fully encoded and accessible later in life.

Question 19

_________________________________ is the term used to describe extensive information processing.

Accepted Answer

Elaboration is the term used to describe extensive information processing, where an individual actively thinks about the information, relates it to prior knowledge, and forms connections between pieces of information. Attention-getting refers to strategies used to grab an individual's attention, while automaticity refers to the ability to perform a task without conscious effort or awareness. Habituation refers to the decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Therefore, the best choice is B) Elaboration.

Question 20

Of the following,who would you expect to use elaboration more?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration refers to the development and refinement of ideas through the addition of details and explanations. As children grow older, their cognitive abilities and language skills improve, allowing them to think more abstractly and engage in more complex conversations. Therefore, a 15-year-old would be more likely to use elaboration compared to a 12-year-old, a 7-year-old, or a 4-year-old.

Quiz 7: Information Processing