Question 1

Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant.Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that securely attached infants are more likely to develop greater self-confidence and social competence than insecurely attached infants as they grow older. Therefore, Jeremy, being a securely attached infant, is likely to have more self-confidence than Jason. However, there is no evidence to support options A, B, or C.

Question 2

Natalie is in the Strange Situation,and she clings anxiously to her caregiver.She does not explore the playroom.She would most likely be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Natalie's behavior of clinging anxiously to her caregiver and not exploring the playroom is a characteristic of insecure-resistant attachment type. Children with this attachment type often display clingy and dependent behavior towards their caregivers, but also show resistance or reluctance towards their attempts to comfort them.

Question 3

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it.He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room.He would be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Diego is using his caregiver as a secure base for exploration, meaning he trusts and feels secure with his caregiver's presence. This indicates secure attachment. The other categories include insecure attachment behaviors which are not exhibited by Diego.

Question 4

In the Strange Situation,Cameron did not explore the playroom,clung to his mother when she was in the room,and was very upset when she left the room.When she returned,he appeared to be ambivalent-both wanting to be comforted by his mother,but pushing her away when she attempted to do so.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as being:

Accepted Answer

Cameron's behavior in the Strange Situation is characteristic of an insecure resistant attachment style. He clings to his mother while she is present, becomes upset when she leaves, and displays ambivalence upon her return.

Question 5

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

In the Strange Situation, disorientation is typically observed in babies who are classified as insecure-disorganized. Therefore, Clara, who is described as an insecure-disorganized baby, would likely appear disoriented in this situation. The other babies mentioned are classified as securely attached (option A), insecure-resistant (option B), and insecure-avoidant (option D), respectively, and are less likely to exhibit disorientation in the Strange Situation.

Question 6

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances.She would most likely be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Mariposa shows signs of secure attachment as she feels secure enough to move away from her mother but still keeps her in her line of sight to ensure her safety. This behavior indicates that she trusts her mother and feels secure in their relationship.

Question 7

In the Strange Situation,Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs.However,he is happy upon reunion,and then,continues to explore once the caregiver has returned.He would be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Quentin exhibits behaviors consistent with secure attachment. He is upset when his caregiver departs but is easily comforted upon reunion, and proceeds to explore when the caregiver returns. These are behaviors typical of children who are securely attached.

Question 8

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being:

Accepted Answer

Latoya's behavior indicates that she is not interested in seeking comfort or reassurance from her mother, which is a characteristic of insecure avoidant attachment. She shows no distress when her mother leaves, and does not seek contact when she returns. Securely attached children typically seek comfort from their caregivers when they are distressed, while insecure resistant children show ambivalent behavior and cling to their caregivers when they return. Insecure antisocial attachment is a more extreme and rare form of attachment that involves reactive aggression and lack of empathy.

Question 9

According to critics,the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:

Accepted Answer

As a measure of attachment, the Strange Situation may be culturally biased and not reflect important differences among infants from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 10

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The developmental cascade model suggests that early experiences can create a chain reaction of effects across developmental domains, leading to long-term outcomes. This model emphasizes the interconnectedness of developmental processes and how changes in one area can affect outcomes in others. Options A and B do not pertain to this specific concept, while the Strange Situation is a specific laboratory procedure used to assess attachment styles in infants.

Question 11

Parker is in the Strange Situation,he shows little interaction with his caregiver.He isn't distressed upon separation and does not reestablish contact upon reunion.He would be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Parker's lack of interaction with his caregiver, lack of distress upon separation, and failure to reestablish contact upon reunion are hallmarks of insecure avoidant attachment.

Question 12

Tiara is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed,confused,and fearful.She would most likely be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Tiara's behavior of being dazed, confused and fearful suggests that she is experiencing contradictory emotions and reactions, which is typical of children classified as insecure disorganized.

Question 13

In the Strange Situation,Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being:

Accepted Answer

Jermaine using his mother as a "safe base" while actively exploring the playroom indicates that he is securely attached. Mary Ainsworth identified three types of attachment styles: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant. Securely attached children use their caregivers as a secure base from which to explore their environment, as is the case with Jermaine. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 14

According to Mary Ainsworth,a(n)_____ infant avoids the mother or is ambivalent toward her,fears strangers,and is upset by minor,everyday separations.

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth's research focused on attachment styles in infants, and the characteristics described in the question are consistent with the "insecurely attached" style. An avoidant infant is characterized by avoiding the mother, a resistant/ambivalent infant is characterized by being unsure about the mother's availability, and both exhibit fear of strangers and upset during separations. Extraverted and easily adaptable are not terms commonly used in attachment theory, and slow-to-warm-up refers to temperament rather than attachment style.

Question 15

Recent studies find that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-5-HTTLPR.This gene-environment interaction only occurred when:

Accepted Answer

The studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-5-HTTLPR and mothers showed a low level of responsiveness toward their infants. This suggests that the gene-environment interaction only occurred in the context of a less than optimal caregiving environment.

Question 16

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological,cognitive,and socioemotional processes,and also can involve social contexts such as families,peers,schools,and culture.

Accepted Answer

Developmental cascades refer to the interconnected nature of various developmental processes and how they can influence each other over time. This can involve biological, cognitive, and socioemotional factors, as well as social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture. Reciprocal socializations (A) refers to the bidirectional nature of social interactions between children and caregivers, while secure attachments (C) specifically relates to the emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver. Scaffolding (D) refers to the process of providing support and guidance to help a child learn and develop new skills. While these concepts may be related to developmental cascades, they do not capture the full range of factors involved.

Question 17

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance.He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.He would be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Austin's behavior of both avoidance and resistance, as well as extreme fearfulness around the caregiver, suggests a disorganized attachment style.

Question 18

Insecure avoidant babies show:

Accepted Answer

Insecure avoidant babies show a lack of attachment to their caregiver and may actively avoid them. They may not seek comfort from the caregiver when upset or distressed. Option A is incorrect as violent reactions are more commonly seen in insecure-resistant babies. Option C is incorrect as secure attachment is not seen in insecure-avoidant babies. Option D is incorrect as avoiding the stranger is a behavior seen in infants with stranger anxiety and is not specific to insecure-avoidant attachment.

Question 19

Shoko responds positively to being picked up by others,and when put back down,freely moves away to play.She would most likely be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

Shoko's positive response to being picked up and her free movement away to play suggest that she feels secure in her attachment to others. The other options, such as being extremely inhibited or difficult, do not fit the observed behaviors.

Question 20

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ plays a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Accepted Answer

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists believe that a child's genetic characteristics and temperament play a more significant role in their social competence than attachment theorists like Bowlby and Ainsworth acknowledge. This means that a child's innate disposition and individual differences can greatly affect their social skills, regardless of their attachment to a primary caregiver.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy