Question 1

Social movements worldwide have adopted which term as a self-identifying and political label based on past oppression but now legitimizing a search for social, cultural, and political rights?

Accepted Answer

The term "indigenous people" has been widely adopted by social movements worldwide as a self-identifying and political label based on past oppression and colonial history. It legitimizes a search for social, cultural, and political rights for communities that have historically been subjected to discrimination, marginalization, and dispossession. This term is commonly used to refer to groups such as Native Americans, First Nations, Aboriginal Australians, and many others.

Question 2

Ethnoecology is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnoecology is indeed defined as a society's environmental practices and perceptions, including their cultural model of the environment and how it relates to the people and society.

Question 3

Identities are

Accepted Answer

Identities are fluid and multiple, meaning that they can change and there can be multiple identities that an individual holds depending on the context. This is supported by social constructivist theories of identity, which argue that identities are socially constructed and can vary based on societal and cultural norms and expectations. Therefore, option C is the best choice. The other options are not accurate representations of the nature of identity.

Question 4

Contemporary, applied ecological anthropologists work to plan and implement policies aimed at environmental preservation.They also advocate for people who are at risk, actually or potentially.One of the roles for today's environmental anthropologist is to assess the extent and nature of risk perception and to harness that awareness to combat environmental degradation.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the role and goals of contemporary applied ecological anthropologists.

Question 5

________ refers to the blurring and breakdown of established canons-rules, standards, categories, distinctions, and boundaries.

Accepted Answer

The term "postmodern" refers to a cultural movement characterized by a rejection of traditional norms and values, and the blurring of distinctions between different art forms and cultural genres. This includes a breakdown of established canons and boundaries, as well as a challenging of authority and traditional hierarchies. Therefore, (C) is the best choice to describe the blurring and breakdown of established canons.

Question 6

Although acculturation can be applied to any case of cultural contact and change, the term most often has described Westernization, the positive influence of Western expansion that has spread democratic and capitalistic values to those less fortunate.

Accepted Answer

Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. The term does not inherently describe Westernization or imply a positive influence of Western expansion spreading democratic and capitalistic values. It is a neutral process that can involve various cultures coming into contact and influencing each other in multiple ways, not just Western influence on other cultures.

Question 7

Unlike indigenous peoples, the term ________ highlights the prominence that the exclusion of strangers has assumed in day-to-day politics worldwide and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe.

Accepted Answer

The term "autochthon" specifically refers to exclusion of strangers and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe, whereas the other choices do not have such a specific connotation. "Indigenous people" refers to native populations anywhere in the world and does not necessarily connote exclusion of strangers. "Mestizo" refers specifically to people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in Latin America. "Euroindio" is not a commonly used term and may not be familiar to all readers. "Freedom fighter" refers to individuals or groups fighting for political or social change and is not directly related to exclusion of strangers.

Question 8

Global warming is primarily due to increased solar radiation, not human activity.

Accepted Answer

The overwhelming scientific consensus is that global warming is primarily caused by human activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. While solar radiation does play a role in climate patterns, it is not the primary cause of the current warming trend.

Question 9

Deforestation helps cool the planet by allowing more sunlight to be reflected back into space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deforestation helps cool the planet by allowing...

Question 10

Although anthropologists may be interested in contemporary global issues such as climate change, their perspective is necessarily limited to the local scale of their fieldwork.

Accepted Answer

While anthropologists do focus on local fieldwork, they often use this research to draw global conclusions and address global issues. Anthropology as a discipline is concerned with understanding human societies and cultures across space and time, and as such, it has been instrumental in addressing many contemporary global issues such as globalization, environmental sustainability, and human rights.

Question 11

________ describes the process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.

Accepted Answer

Essentialism is the view that identities are fixed and unchanging, and that they have inherent characteristics that define them. This can often hide the historical processes and politics that have shaped these identities. For example, an essentialist view of race might see race as determined by biological characteristics, rather than recognizing the social and historical processes that have created and maintained racial categories.

Question 12

Development projects usually fail when they try to replace indigenous institutions with culturally alien concepts.

Accepted Answer

When development projects attempt to replace existing indigenous institutions with foreign ideas or concepts, such as Western-style democracy or capitalism, they are less likely to be successful in the long run since they do not take into account the cultural context and values of the local community. It is important to work with and build upon existing institutions and practices to create sustainable development.

Question 13

________ is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnoecology refers to the study of the relationship between human societies and their environments. It takes into account a society's cultural beliefs, values, and practices related to the environment, and analyzes how these influence the management and use of natural resources. Therefore, the cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society is the basic concept of ethnoecology. Option B (Ecological imperialism) refers to the spread of a dominant culture's environmental practices, rather than the practices of a specific society, while option C (Indigenized), D (Ecological anthropology), and E (Essentialism) are not directly related to the concept of a society's environmental practices and perceptions.

Question 14

The last 30 years have seen a dramatic shift in the conditions of indigenous peoples in Latin America, where the drive by indigenous peoples for self-identification has emphasized all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The other choices all align with the goals of indigenous peoples in Latin America, but the emphasis on excluding strangers is not a common aim. In fact, many indigenous groups have advocated for multiculturalism and respect for diversity.

Question 15

In Spanish-speaking Latin America, social scientists and politicians favor which term over indio (Indian), the colonial term that the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors used to refer to the native inhabitants of the Americas?

Accepted Answer

Indigena is favored because it emphasizes the cultural and historical roots of these populations, rather than using a term imposed by colonialism.

Question 16

The spread of environmentalism may expose radically different notions about the rights and values of plants and animals versus humans.Fortunately, it is clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights.

Accepted Answer

The spread of environmentalism indeed exposes different notions about the rights and values of plants, animals, and humans. However, it is not clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights, as opinions on this matter vary greatly among individuals, cultures, and legal systems.

Question 17

Scientists prefer the term climate change to global warming.Climate change points out that, beyond rising temperatures, there have been changes in sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects.

Accepted Answer

Climate change encompasses more than just rising temperatures and includes other effects such as changes in precipitation and sea levels.

Question 18

When people are asked to give up the basis of their livelihood, they usually comply, especially if they are paid money.

Accepted Answer

People often resist giving up the basis of their livelihood, especially if it is a significant part of their identity or culture, even when offered money. The attachment to their livelihood goes beyond financial aspects, encompassing social, cultural, and personal values.

Question 19

Worldwide, concern about environmental and technological risks is more developed in groups that are less endangered by those risks.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "white male effect" and has been observed in numerous studies. Those who are in positions of power and privilege, and therefore less likely to be impacted by certain risks, tend to be more concerned about them than those who are actually at greater risk.

Question 20

Diseases that spread from animals to humans are known as zoonotic diseases.

Accepted Answer

This is correct, diseases that spread from animals to humans are known as zoonotic diseases.

Quiz 15: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World