Question 1

Based on this study,FOXP2 must be expressed in which tissues?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on this study,FOXP2 must be expressed...

Question 2

FOXP2 functions by:

Accepted Answer

FOXP2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes. It is particularly important in the development and function of brain regions involved in language and speech production.

Question 3

An antisense RNA is complementary to a mRNA and could:

Accepted Answer

An antisense RNA is complementary to a mRNA, meaning it binds to it and blocks translation by interfering with various steps in the process. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which states that antisense RNA can prevent translation of the mRNA. It does not affect transcription or mutate the mRNA sequence. It is important to note that there are certain situations where an antisense RNA may increase or decrease the translation of a target mRNA, but as a general rule, it is a mechanism for inhibiting translation.

Question 4

Which mutation in DNA would lead to the change of a single amino acid in a protein?

Accepted Answer

A missense mutation is a point mutation that alters a single nucleotide and leads to the substitution of one amino acid for another in the polypeptide chain. This type of mutation can result in a protein with altered physical or chemical properties that can affect its structure and function.

Question 5

How did the researchers estimate that the original mutation happened 3-400,000 years ago?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did the researchers estimate that the...

Question 6

What type of mutation has occurred in the following? Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGUACCC - 3'

Accepted Answer

A substitution has occurred, specifically a change from "G" to "U" at the tenth position of the sequence.

Question 7

How can a single gene encode for more than one protein?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing is a mechanism where different combinations of exons in pre-mRNA are spliced together, leading to the production of multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene. Depending on which exons are included in the final mRNA, different protein isoforms may be generated. This way, a single gene can encode for more than one protein.

Question 8

Amanatin is a toxin found in the death cap mushroom,Amanita phalloides.It inhibits RNA polymerase,thus blocking:

Accepted Answer

Amanatin inhibits RNA polymerase, which is necessary for transcription to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is A) Transcription.

Question 9

A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA,yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because:

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region on one strand of DNA, leading to the initiation of transcription on that strand. Therefore, only one of the two strands of DNA is used to transcribe a gene.

Question 10

How does this study support the study of a family with a language disorder support the role of genes in communication?

Accepted Answer

The identification of a single mutation in a single gene responsible for the language disorder supports the role of genes in communication. It suggests that the disorder may be inherited in a Mendelian fashion and caused by a single genetic mutation.

Question 11

-Using the genetic code shown here,predict what type of mutation has occurred in the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia allele. Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGUACCC - 3'

Accepted Answer

The mutation is a single nucleotide change from A to U, resulting in the codon change from GAA (Glu) to GUA (Val), which is a point mutation.

Question 12

What would be the first codon translated in the mRNA sequence 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'?

Accepted Answer

The first codon to be translated in the mRNA sequence is AUG, which codes for the start codon Methionine.

Question 13

In creating a transgenic organism,the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

Accepted Answer

In creating a transgenic organism, the genetic material that is modified is the DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 14

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because during transcription:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diploid cell only has two copies...

Question 15

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because during translation:

Accepted Answer

During translation, multiple ribosomes can bind to the same mRNA simultaneously, allowing for the efficient production of multiple copies of a protein from a single gene. This process is called polysome formation and allows for rapid protein synthesis in cells with high demands for particular proteins.

Question 16

The observation that all races of humans have the same FOXP2 allele is evidence that ____ favored this allele.

Accepted Answer

The fact that all races of humans have the same FOXP2 allele suggests that natural selection favored this allele. Natural selection would have acted to maintain this allele over time because it provided some advantage to those individuals who possessed it, such as improved language abilities. The other choices (recombination, artificial selection, random chance, and independent assortment) are less likely to explain this observation, as they do not involve the consistent maintenance of a particular allele across all human races.

Question 17

What type of mutation has occurred in the following? Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAAUCAGGAACCC - 3'

Accepted Answer

The mutant allele has an extra "U" inserted after the third "A" in the sequence, indicating an insertion of one base.

Question 18

In humans,typically only infants produce the enzyme lactase to break down lactose.Some adults have changes in _____ that allow transcription factors to bind and turn on expression of the lactase gene into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Changes in enhancers can lead to the activation of lactase gene expression in some adults, allowing them to continue producing lactase and digesting lactose. This is known as lactase persistence. Exons, RNA polymerase, mRNA, and codons are not directly involved in the regulation of lactase gene expression.

Question 19

FOXP2 sequences were the most different between mice and _____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the FOXP2 gene has undergone significant changes in the human lineage compared to other primates, including chimpanzees and gorillas. Therefore, the FOXP2 sequences were most different between mice and humans.

Question 20

If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find:

Accepted Answer

Introns are non-coding regions within the gene, which are transcribed into pre-mRNA but later spliced out. As mRNA is produced after splicing, it only consists of the coding sequence, which means the mRNA is shorter than the original gene. Therefore, the answer is C.

Quiz 7: Dna Structure and Gene Function