Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of CSF?

Accepted Answer

CSF does not provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue. That function is carried out by the bloodstream. The other options are all functions of CSF.

Question 2

In which structure is the arbor vitae found?

Accepted Answer

Arbor vitae is a distinctive treelike pattern of white matter in the cerebellum, so the structure in which it is found is option C- cerebellum.

Question 3

Where are the cardiac,vasomotor,and respiratory centers found?

Accepted Answer

The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are located in the medulla oblongata, which is part of the brainstem.

Question 4

There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are no cranial nerves associated with...

Question 5

The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata is part of the hindbrain and is derived from the embryonic structure called the myelencephalon.

Question 6

Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?

Accepted Answer

The pons is located just rostral (superior) to the medulla and appears as a bulge in the brainstem. The midbrain is located superior to the pons, and the cerebellum is located posterior to the brainstem. The hypothalamus is located in the inferior part of the diencephalon, which is superior to the brainstem. Therefore, the best choice is A) Pons.

Question 7

Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle in the brain, playing a crucial role in many important functions, including releasing hormones and regulating body temperature.

Question 8

The thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?

Accepted Answer

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are all structures that are part of the diencephalon, which is a derivative of the embryonic forebrain.

Question 9

The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is made up of gray matter neurons scattered throughout the brainstem.

Question 10

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

The substantia nigra is a region in the midbrain that produces dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in movement regulation. Degeneration of the neurons in the substantia nigra leads to a decrease in dopamine production, resulting in the muscle tremors and other motor symptoms associated with Parkinson disease.

Question 11

The __________ function(s)in visual attention,such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.

Accepted Answer

The superior colliculi are responsible for visual attention and eye movement control, including the ability to look and follow the flight of a butterfly. The inferior colliculi are responsible for auditory processing, the tegmentum is a region in the brainstem involved in motor control and sensory processing, the red nucleus is involved in motor coordination, and the substantia nigra is involved in movement and reward systems.

Question 12

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?

Accepted Answer

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination are functions of the cerebellum. Lesions in the other structures listed may cause other symptoms, but not specifically related to motor coordination and equilibrium.

Question 13

Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls create the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Question 14

Which of the following is not associated with the pons?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not associated...

Question 15

A patient is experiencing a high fever,stiff neck,drowsiness,and intense headaches.A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).This individual most likely has what condition?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of meningitis, which is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The presence of bacteria and white blood cells in the CSF confirms the diagnosis. Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease do not present with these symptoms. Hydrocephalus may cause headaches and drowsiness, but usually does not cause fever or stiff neck. A stroke may cause some of these symptoms, but the bacterial infection in the CSF points to meningitis as the most likely cause.

Question 16

From superficial to deep,the meninges occur in which order?

Accepted Answer

The meninges occur in the order of the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, from superficial to deep.

Question 17

Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is the region of the brain that serves as the main relay center for nearly all somatosensory input to the cerebrum from the spinal cord and other sensory pathways.

Question 18

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain, with about twice the number of neurons as all the other parts of the brain combined. It is responsible for coordination and balance, as well as some aspects of motor learning and memory.

Question 19

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the __________ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the __________.

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexuses, which are located in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain. The CSF is then reabsorbed by structures called arachnoid villi, which are located in the superior sagittal sinus. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 20

The blood-brain barrier (BBB)is most permeable to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The BBB is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through. Glucose and oxygen are two substances that are necessary for the brain's functions, and as such, they are allowed to pass through the BBB.

Quiz 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves