Question 1

A researcher has isolated a chemical released by men that reduces premenstrual nervousness and tension in women.This is an example of (a)

Accepted Answer

The chemical released by men that reduces premenstrual nervousness and tension in women is most likely a pheromone. Pheromones are chemical signals produced by one organism that affect the behavior or physiology of another organism of the same species. In this case, the pheromone released by men is affecting the physiology of women. Insulin and cortisol are hormones involved in regulating glucose and stress in the body, respectively. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds involved in inflammation and pain. Nerve growth factor is a protein that promotes the survival and growth of nerve cells. None of these would be likely to reduce premenstrual nervousness and tension in women.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hormones is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are not released from exocrine glands; they are released from endocrine glands into the bloodstream to travel to target organs. Exocrine glands release their secretions through ducts leading to the surface of the body or into body cavities.

Question 3

The removal of the anterior pituitary gland would result in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Zoologists extracted the chemical that the Japanese beetle uses to attract a mate,and used it in a trap to reduce the beetle population.Scientists were using a

Accepted Answer

The chemical extracted from the Japanese beetle that is used to attract a mate is a pheromone, which is a chemical signal used for communication between individuals of the same species. By using the pheromone in a trap, zoologists were able to reduce the beetle population by luring the beetles into the trap and preventing them from reproducing.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (pituitary, hypothalamus, thymus, and testes) are considered endocrine glands because they all produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.

Question 6

Uncommonly large feet,hands,chin,nose,and eyebrow ridges on a normal-sized body are characteristic of the condition ______,that is caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

The given characteristics are typical of acromegaly, a condition caused by overproduction of growth hormone in adults. This excess of growth hormone leads to enlargement of extremities (feet, hands, chin, nose, and eyebrow ridges) while the rest of the body remains normal-sized. The other options do not match the given characteristics. Cushing's syndrome is associated with weight gain and a rounded "moon" face, but not specifically with large hands and feet. Addison's disease is characterized by fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure, and does not involve growth hormone. Gigantism and pituitary dwarfism denote abnormal growth hormones levels in children, leading to respectively excessive and insufficient growth.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in regards to hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 8

________ are hormones that act locally,affecting neighboring cells.

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are hormones that act locally, affecting neighboring cells. Insulin and oxytocin can have systemic effects on the body, and pheromones are chemical signals that can affect the behavior of others in the vicinity, but they are not technically hormones.

Question 9

The same hormone has considerably different effects in different species.The hormone thyroxin in humans stimulates metabolism,but in frogs it induces metamorphosis from tadpole to adult frog.This indicates that

Accepted Answer

The fact that the same hormone has different effects in different species suggests that the target tissues have adapted different responses to the hormone due to their evolutionary history and selection pressures.

Question 10

How are hormone levels regulated?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are ways in which hormone levels can be regulated. Endocrine glands can respond to the blood level of the hormone they produce, a hormone can trigger a second gland to secrete a hormone that dampens production of the first hormone, a second contrary hormone can counteract the effect of the first hormone, and a product can trigger hormone production, leading to a feedback loop that eventually reduces the level of hormone in the body.

Question 11

The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus by the production of antidiuretic hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through releasing hormones, not the other way around. The pituitary gland does produce antidiuretic hormone, but it is in response to signals from the hypothalamus.

Question 12

____ is considered the first messenger,while ____ is called the second messenger.

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormone acts as the first messenger by binding to its specific receptor on the surface of target cells. Upon binding, it triggers the production of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) which acts as the second messenger, carrying the hormonal signal into the cell to initiate various biological responses.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about non-steroid (peptide)hormones is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface and stimulate the formation of second messengers such as cyclic AMP. They do not need to enter the cell to have an effect as they activate signaling pathways from outside the cell. Therefore, option D, "Peptide hormones must enter the cell in order to have an effect" is not true.

Question 14

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones,what effect would it have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a chemical agent acted to make...

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics or actions are associated with a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones typically enter cells and bind to specific receptor proteins in the nucleus, leading to the transcription of specific genes and the production of new proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones act slower than non-steroid (peptide) hormones.

Question 17

What is the mode of action of hormones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the mode of action of...

Question 18

Which of the following hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the production of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.

Question 19

Which is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback occurs when a response to a stimulus leads to a decrease in the stimulus. In this example, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released in response to a decrease in blood volume or an increase in blood osmolarity. When the blood becomes dilute, there is no longer a need to conserve water, so ADH is no longer released. This leads to a decrease in the stimulus (ADH release), which is an example of negative feedback.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided are correct regarding hormones. Non-steroid hormones indeed activate enzyme cascades, often through second messenger systems. Steroid hormones typically regulate the production of specific proteins by acting at the level of gene transcription. Non-steroid hormones can be amino acids, peptides, or proteins, reflecting their diverse nature. Steroid hormones are characterized by a structure that includes four carbon rings with various side chains, which is fundamental to their classification and function.

Quiz 40: Hormones and Endocrine Systems