Question 1

Research generally shows that people throughout the world have needs that are similar to those described in Maslow's need hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have generally supported Maslow's theory that there are universal human needs that follow a hierarchical order. While there may be some cultural differences in how these needs are met and expressed, the underlying needs for physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization are generally consistent across cultures.

Question 2

The Japanese word for overwork or job burnout is Karoshi.

Accepted Answer

Karoshi is the Japanese word for overwork or job burnout, and it refers to deaths caused by work-related fatigue and stress.

Question 3

The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: intrinsic and extrinsic.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: hygiene factors and motivators.

Question 4

Safety needs consist of food, clothing, shelter and other basic physical needs.

Accepted Answer

Safety needs refer to protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, and freedom from fear, not basic physical needs like food and clothing, which are physiological needs.

Question 5

The goal-setting theory focuses on how individuals go about setting goals and responding to them and the overall impact of this process on motivation.

Accepted Answer

The goal-setting theory is a well-established theory in the field of organizational behavior that focuses on the process of setting goals and how it impacts an individual's motivation and performance.

Question 6

The culture of many countries does not support high achievement.

Accepted Answer

Cultural values and norms vary widely across countries, and many cultures do support and encourage high achievement in various fields such as education, business, and sports.

Question 7

In the two-factor motivation theory, job context variables such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, work conditions and company policies and administration are referred to as hygiene factors.

Accepted Answer

According to two-factor motivation theory, hygiene factors refer to job context variables such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, work conditions, and company policies and administration. These hygiene factors are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction, but do not necessarily lead to motivation or satisfaction in the workplace.

Question 8

Recent research reports that EU workers see a strong relationship between how well they do their jobs and the ability to get what they want out of life.

Accepted Answer

Recent research reports that EU workers do see a strong relationship between how well they do their jobs and the ability to get what they want out of life.

Question 9

The hierarchy-of-needs theory is based primarily on work by David McClelland.

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy-of-needs theory is actually based on work by Abraham Maslow. David McClelland is known for his work on motivation and achievement in the workplace.

Question 10

The three basic elements in the process of motivation are needs, drives and rewards.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three basic elements in the process...

Question 11

In general, although the process for motivation may be the same across cultures, the content may change from one culture to another.

Accepted Answer

This is because each culture has its own set of values, beliefs, and norms that shape what motivates people within that culture. For example, in some cultures, social status and recognition may be highly valued, while in others, the focus may be on individual achievement or communal goals. Therefore, while the underlying processes of motivation may be universal, the specific factors that drive motivation can vary considerably across cultures.

Question 12

The equity theory postulates that motivation is largely influenced by a multiplicative combination of a person's beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory postulates that motivation is largely influenced by a multiplicative combination of a person's belief that (a) effort will lead to performance, (b) performance will lead to specific outcomes, and (c) the outcomes will be of value to the individual.

Question 13

High achievers tend to be high-risk takers.

Accepted Answer

High achievers tend to be moderate risk takers rather than high or low risk takers.

Question 14

The importance of work in individuals' life relative to other areas of interest is referred to as work salience.

Accepted Answer

Work centrality, which can be defined as the importance of work in an individual's life relative to his or her other areas of interest (family, church, leisure), provides important insights into how to motivate human resources in different cultures.

Question 15

In work motivation, those factors controlled by the organization, such as conditions, hours, earning, security, benefits and promotions are referred to as job context factors.

Accepted Answer

Job context factors are those that are controlled by the organization, such as working conditions, hours, pay, security, benefits, and opportunities for advancement.

Question 16

The expectancy theory focuses on how motivation is affected by people's perception of how fairly they are being treated.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory focuses on how motivation is affected by people's perception of how fairly they are being treated.

Question 17

Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy.In ascending order, beginning with the most basic, they are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Maslow's hierarchy of needs begins with physiological needs and progresses through safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

Question 18

Process theories of worker motivation explain how employee behavior is initiated, redirected and halted.

Accepted Answer

Process theories of worker motivation, such as Expectancy Theory, Goal Setting Theory, and Equity Theory, focus on how employee behavior is initiated, redirected, and halted through various cognitive processes such as goal setting, expectancy, and social comparison.

Question 19

Self-actualization needs involve the need for power and status.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs actually relate to personal growth, development, and fulfillment. They do not necessarily involve the need for power and status.

Question 20

Achievement motivation theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success and to reach objectives.

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation theory is a well-established theory that posits that individuals can experience a need for achievement, which drives them to work toward and attain goals and objectives. This theory has been supported by a considerable body of research and is widely recognized as an important area of study in psychology and related fields.

Quiz 12: Motivation Across Cultures