Question 1

When making an internal or external attribution about a person's behaviour,we tend to look at whether the person has acted this way in the past and other situations,and whether other people act similarly in this situation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. When making attributions about a person's behavior, past behavior and situational factors are often taken into consideration. This is known as the attribution theory.

Question 2

Stereotyping is an extension of the social identity process.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is a cognitive process that involves categorizing individuals into groups based on their membership in a particular social category, such as gender, race, or age. This process is an extension of the social identity process, which refers to the way in which individuals define themselves in terms of their membership in social groups and seek to enhance their self-esteem by positively evaluating their own group and negatively evaluating outgroups.

Question 3

The first step in a self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when the observer acts differently towards people with whom he or she has high expectations than towards those with whom he or she has low expectations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in a self-fulfilling prophecy...

Question 4

The three steps in stereotyping,in order,are: (a)identify negative information,(b)behave in ways consistent with previous expectations and (c)watch the employee form a positive or negative opinion of you.

Accepted Answer

The correct order of the three steps in stereotyping is: (a) identify social category or group membership, (b) apply previously held beliefs and expectations about that group to the individual, and (c) use this information to make judgments or decisions about the individual. The given options are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct sequence of stereotyping.

Question 5

Attribution theory mainly explains the selective attention process.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory explains how individuals interpret and explain the causes of behavior, not the selective attention process.

Question 6

We can eliminate the activation of stereotyping by choosing to ignore stereotypic information.

Accepted Answer

Ignoring stereotypic information does not eliminate the activation of stereotypes because they are often activated automatically and unconsciously, making them difficult to control simply through the act of ignoring.

Question 7

People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution.

Accepted Answer

Internal attribution refers to attributing success or failure to personal factors such as skill or effort, while external attribution refers to attributing it to outside factors such as luck or situational factors.

Question 8

Self-serving bias is the tendency to take credit for our successes and blame others or the situation for our mistakes.

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias refers to the tendency of individuals to attribute success to personal qualities (such as intelligence or hard work) but attribute failure to external factors (such as bad luck or difficult circumstances).

Question 9

People tend to make an internal attribution about someone's behaviour if that person has rarely acted like this either in the past or in other situations.

Accepted Answer

People tend to make an external attribution about someone's behavior if the behavior is rare or unusual for that person, attributing the behavior to situational factors rather than internal characteristics.

Question 10

You are more likely to make an internal attribution about someone's poor performance if you have also observed the person performing that task poorly in the past and have observed other employees performing the task well.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as we tend to attribute behavior to internal characteristics of a person when we observe consistent behavior over time and when we observe others performing the same task successfully, which creates a contrast effect.

Question 11

Stereotyping is partly responsible for prejudice and discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves making assumptions about a group of people based on limited information or characteristics of a few individuals within the group. These assumptions can lead to prejudice and discrimination against the entire group, as individuals are unfairly judged based on the actions or beliefs of a few. Therefore, stereotyping is partly responsible for fostering and perpetuating prejudice and discrimination.

Question 12

One problem with stereotyping is that few traits assigned to a particular social category accurately describe every person identified with that group.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is when we assign certain characteristics or traits to a particular social group. However, these traits do not accurately describe every individual within that group. It is important to recognize that each person is unique with their own set of characteristics, and we should avoid making assumptions based on stereotypes.

Question 13

Self-fulfilling prophecy may result in either better or worse performance than if the employee is not exposed to the self-fulfilling prophecy effect.

Accepted Answer

This is because if the self-fulfilling prophecy is a positive one, the employee may be inspired to perform better than they would have otherwise. However, if the self-fulfilling prophecy is negative, the employee may underperform or lose confidence in their abilities.

Question 14

Employee satisfaction with work accomplishments is influenced to a large degree by whether they take credit for those accomplishments or attribute the success to external causes.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when employees take credit for their accomplishments, they tend to experience more job satisfaction and are more motivated to continue achieving success. On the other hand, when employees attribute their success to external factors such as luck or help from others, they are less likely to feel satisfied with their work accomplishments.

Question 15

Stereotyping is a natural process that helps us to economize mental effort.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stereotyping is a natural process that helps...

Question 16

Self-fulfilling prophecy occurs whenever supervisors accurately predict the future performance of recently hired employees.

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a supervisor's expectations or beliefs about an employee's abilities or behavior lead to actions that cause those expectations to come true. It is not based on accurate predictions of future performance, but rather on subjective perceptions and biases.

Question 17

Fundamental attribution error would cause a supervisor to believe that an employee's lateness is due to factors beyond the employee's control rather than to a lack of motivation to attend work.

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors rather than external factors. Therefore, in this scenario, the supervisor would be more likely to attribute the employee's lateness to the employee's lack of motivation rather than external factors beyond their control.

Question 18

Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute the behaviour of other people to internal factors more than external factors.

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute someone's behavior to their personal characteristics rather than the external factors that may influence their behavior.

Question 19

Self-fulfilling prophecy tends to have a stronger effect on employees who are new to the job than on employees who have worked in that job for a few years.

Accepted Answer

This is because new employees may not have enough prior knowledge or experience to counteract the effects of a self-fulfilling prophecy, whereas employees who have worked in the job for a few years may have developed confidence and skills that allow them to overcome any negative expectations placed upon them.

Question 20

The easiest way to minimize stereotyping is by preventing the activation of stereotypes in our heads.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is a complex cognitive process, and while preventing the activation of stereotypes can help, it's not the easiest way to minimize them. More effective methods include increasing contact with diverse groups, engaging in perspective-taking, and challenging and replacing stereotypical thoughts with accurate information.

Quiz 3: Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations