The "Effects Test" Is Utilized

The "effects test" is utilized:

A) to determine the amount of damages a defendant must pay the plaintiff.
B) by the U.S. Supreme Court to decide whether to accept a case for review.
C) by a federal court to determine whether state precedent should apply to a case they are adjudicating.
D) to establish personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant in certain cases when minimum contacts do not otherwise exist