Question 1

Antonio Gaudí was the major practitioner of Art Nouveau in Spain,where it was called____________.

Accepted Answer

Art Nouveau in Spain was called Modernismo, and Antonio Gaudí was a major practitioner of this style, known for his unique and highly decorative architectural designs.

Question 2

Which artist associated with Realism in the nineteenth century found great success in the Salon system,including receiving France's highest honor of membership in the Legion of Honor?

Accepted Answer

The artist associated with Realism who found great success in the Salon system and received France's highest honor of membership in the Legion of Honor was Rosa Bonheur. While other Realist artists such as Courbet, Manet, and Millet also found success in the Salon system, none of them received the same level of recognition as Bonheur.

Question 3

In contrast to the Realists,Impressionist artists focused on scenes of the ______________.

Accepted Answer

Impressionist artists focused on scenes of the upper middle class at leisure, often depicting outdoor activities such as boating, picnicking, and horseback riding. They aimed to capture the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere in these leisurely settings.

Question 4

In what way was Gustave Courbet's Stonebreakers an explicit political statement?

Accepted Answer

Courbet's Stonebreakers elevated a lower-class subject to the heroic status that was traditionally reserved for history paintings, which often depicted important political or social events. This was an explicit political statement that challenged the academic conventions of his time and championed a more realistic and socially conscious approach to art.

Question 5

George Seurat developed a distinctive style of painting that he called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Seurat's style of painting, also known as Pointillism, involved using small dots of pure color that blend together when viewed from a distance. This technique is a form of Divisionism, which is characterized by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches to create a more vibrant and luminous effect on the canvas.

Question 6

The Belgian artist James Ensor frequently used _______in his terrifying paintings,which combined aspects of Symbolism and Expressionism.

Accepted Answer

James Ensor frequently used masks in his paintings, as they were a prominent theme in his work. The masks symbolize the facade or false front that people present to the world, leading to themes of deception and hidden identity in his paintings.

Question 7

Julia Margaret Cameron was a creative early proponent of portrait __________.

Accepted Answer

Julia Margaret Cameron was a photographer who became known for her portraits, particularly of celebrities and notable figures of her time. She was an early proponent of portrait photography, experimenting with techniques to capture the personality and essence of her subjects.

Question 8

Cézanne's professed aim of painting was to ______________.

Accepted Answer

Cézanne aimed to give Impressionism a sense of permanence and structure, diverging from its focus on fleeting moments and light effects.

Question 9

In Degas' The Rehearsal on Stage the seeming arbitrary cropping of figures suggests the influence of _____________.

Accepted Answer

The arbitrary cropping of figures in Degas' The Rehearsal on Stage is similar to the way photographs are composed and suggests the influence of photography on Degas' work.

Question 10

Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux relied on the English tradition of _______landscaping in designing New York's Central Park.

Accepted Answer

Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux used the English tradition of picturesque landscaping in the design of Central Park. This approach emphasized the creation of a natural-looking landscape that mimicked the beauty of the countryside. It sought to create a harmony between the natural and man-made environment, incorporating elements such as rolling hills, winding paths, and cascading waterfalls. The other options are not applicable in this case; symmetrical landscaping involves a mirror-image layout, the Grand Manner style was associated with formal gardens of the 17th and 18th centuries, and a maze is a type of puzzle garden.

Question 11

Although known best for his lithographed posters,Toulouse-Lautrec's organic forms and hand-drawn letters can be linked most closely to which art movement?

Accepted Answer

Toulouse-Lautrec's hand-drawn letters and organic forms are hallmarks of the Art Nouveau movement, which was characterized by flowing lines and natural motifs. While some of his work does have elements of Symbolism, Arts and Craft Revival, and Pre-Raphaelites, Art Nouveau is the closest fit to his style.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT part of Impressionist's painting technique?

Accepted Answer

While many impressionists did grind and mix their own paint, it was not a defining part of their technique. The other three choices were all key aspects of their approach to painting.

Question 13

The development of structural steel and the ________ were essential to the development of the modern skyscraper.

Accepted Answer

The development of structural steel allowed for the creation of tall buildings with strong support systems. However, without the invention of the electric elevator, it would have been difficult for people to access the upper floors of these skyscrapers. Pre-cut glass panes and ancient concrete techniques were also used in building construction, but they were not essential to the development of the modern skyscraper. Cable cars are used for transportation but have not played a significant role in the development of skyscrapers.

Question 14

In what context did the notion of an avant-garde among artists first appear?

Accepted Answer

The notion of an avant-garde among artists first appeared in the context of programs of French utopian socialists, who used the term to describe artists as leaders of social change.

Question 15

What was George Seurat's goal in his "Divisionist" paintings?

Accepted Answer

George Seurat's goal in his "Divisionist" paintings was to enliven paintings through the use scientific theories about color and optic function. He used small dots of pure color that are intended to blend in the viewer's eye, creating a sense of luminosity and vibrancy. This technique is also known as Pointillism.

Question 16

Reflecting Richard Morris Hunt's architectural training at the École des Beaux-Arts,the ideal American city he designed for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was based on the symbolism of __________.

Accepted Answer

Richard Morris Hunt's architectural training at the École des Beaux-Arts emphasized Greek and Roman architecture as the foundation for all design. Consequently, the ideal American city he designed for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was based on the symbolism of classical architecture styles.

Question 17

Gauguin's interest in __________ led him to give up his affluent lifestyle in search for the more simple pleasures.

Accepted Answer

Gauguin's interest in "the primitive" led him to reject the Western civilization and its materialistic values. He believed in a simpler, more authentic way of life, inspired by non-Western cultures like those of Tahiti and other Pacific islands.

Question 18

__________'s famous saying "Form ever follows function" had a significant impact on architectural design in the twentieth century.

Accepted Answer

Louis Sullivan, an American architect, coined the famous phrase "Form ever follows function" in his essay "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered" in 1896. This phrase became a foundational principle of modern architecture in the twentieth century.

Question 19

The reading room at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris demonstrates the tendency of late nineteenth century architects to ______________.

Accepted Answer

The reading room at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris is an example of historicizing approach to form with new technologies. Architects of the late nineteenth century tended to fuse historicizing approaches to form with new technologies for a modern aesthetic, as seen in the Bibliothèque Nationale.

Question 20

What innovation seen in Rodin's The Burghers of Calais signaled his departure from established traditions of sculpture?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What innovation seen in Rodin's The Burghers...

Quiz 14: mid-to late nineteenth-century art in Europe and the united states