The therapeutic drug used to treat all but absence seizures by prolonging inactivation of the synaptic sodium channel and reducing synaptic transmission is:

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Phenytoin is a therapeutic drug used to treat most types of seizures except for absence seizures. It is a sodium channel blocker that works by prolonging the inactivation of the synaptic sodium channel and reducing synaptic transmission. Options B, C, and D are not effective in treating all types of seizures. Ethosuximide is specifically used to treat absence seizures, carbamazepine is effective in treating focal seizures but not generalized seizures, and gabapentin is primarily used to treat neuropathic pain and partial seizures.

The Therapeutic Drug Used to Treat All but Absence Seizures