Question 1

Which heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then pumps it out to the body, delivering oxygen to the tissues. Therefore, only the right atrium and right ventricle pump deoxygenated blood.

Question 2

The epicardium is another name for the

Accepted Answer

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium, also known as the epicardium, is the outer layer of the heart that covers the surface of the myocardium.

Question 3

The cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers are called

Accepted Answer

The cell-to-cell contacts of cardiac muscle fibers are called intercalated discs. These specialized junctions allow for coordinated contraction of the individual muscle cells and efficient pumping of blood by the heart.

Question 4

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

Accepted Answer

The right atrium and right ventricle are located more anteriorly in the heart when it is in a normal position. This is because the heart is positioned in such a way that the right side is more towards the front (anterior) of the body, while the left side (including the left atrium and left ventricle) is more posterior or towards the back.

Question 5

It is the _____________ that permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles.

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall, specifically the circumferential and spiral orientation of the muscle fibers, allows for the twisting and compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles.

Question 6

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of the systemic circuit of the cardiovascular system, which pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. The pulmonary circuit pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated, while the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart muscle itself. "Cardio circuit" and "Schwann circuit" are not valid terms in cardiovascular physiology.

Question 7

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?
A: There is a unidirectional blood flow.
B: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.
C: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.
D: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
E: Veins carry blood toward the heart.

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart (D), and veins carry blood toward the heart (E). Blood flow is unidirectional (A). However, arteries do not always carry oxygenated blood (e.g., pulmonary arteries), and veins do not always carry deoxygenated blood (e.g., pulmonary veins).

Question 8

Which analogy fits the human heart?

Accepted Answer

The human heart functions as a double pump, with the right side pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left side pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Each side works side by side with the other, making choice B the correct analogy.

Question 9

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys,stomach,and pelvic regions?

Accepted Answer

The systemic circuit is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body, including the organs like kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions.  The systemic circuit returns the oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium to complete the cycle.

Question 10

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Accepted Answer

The inferior chambers of the heart are the ventricles. The atria are the superior chambers, while the auricles are small, ear-like extensions of the atria. The sulci and gyri refer to the grooves and folds of the brain, respectively.

Question 11

The base of the heart is formed primarily by the

Accepted Answer

The base of the heart is formed primarily by the left atrium, which is the part of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs before it is pumped to the rest of the body. The right atrium and right ventricle are located more towards the base of the heart, but they do not form the main base of the heart. The left ventricle is located more towards the apex, or bottom, of the heart.

Question 12

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Accepted Answer

The apex of the heart points downward, forward, and to the left, making it anteroinferior and towards the left side of the body.

Question 13

Which are differences between cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue?
A: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less extensive.
B: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is more organized.
C: Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs;skeletal muscle does not.
D: Cardiac muscle has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell;skeletal muscle has multiple nuclei per cell.
E: Cardiac muscle has more well defined terminal cisternae.

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue has a less extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum compared to skeletal muscle, has intercalated discs which are absent in skeletal muscle, and typically has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell, whereas skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated.

Question 14

Cardiac muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle fibers are interconnected by specialized junctions called intercalated discs, which allow for synchronized contraction as a single unit. This is important for the efficient pumping of blood by the heart. The other choices are incorrect because cardiac muscle fibers have a high oxygen demand due to their constant activity and rely on mitochondria for ATP production, not hemoglobin.

Question 15

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to

Accepted Answer

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity acts as a lubricant for the membranes of the serous pericardium, reducing friction and allowing for the heart to beat without restraint. It does not serve to slow the heart rate, equalize pressure in the great vessels, or eliminate blood pressure spikes.

Question 16

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Accepted Answer

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the myocardium. The pericardium is the outermost layer of the heart, the endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart, the pericardial cavity is the space between the pericardium and the heart, and the pectinate muscle is a muscle found in the atria of the heart.

Question 17

Which values are reasonable for a healthy,80 kilogram resting adult?

Accepted Answer

A healthy adult heart pumps about 5 to 6 liters of blood per minute at rest, and the average heart rate is about 60 to 100 beats per minute. Over a day, this translates to about 86,400 to 144,000 beats per day. Option A's values of 5.25 liters per minute and 108,000 beats per day fall within these normal ranges.

Question 18

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated, so its arteries contain deoxygenated blood. The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, so its arteries contain oxygenated blood. The other choices (B, C, and E) are not actual circuits within the cardiovascular system.

Question 19

Which describes the endocardium?
A: Has single layer of epithelium
B: Has layer of areolar connective tissue
C: Epithelial cells are squamous
D: Epithelial cells are cuboidal
E: Has layer of adipose connective tissue
F: Has patches of myocardium

Accepted Answer

The endocardium consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells and a layer of areolar connective tissue.

Question 20

The arteries and veins that leave and enter the heart are called the great vessels because

Accepted Answer

The answer of The arteries and veins that leave and...

Quiz 22: Heart