Question 1

Bragg reflection results in a first-order maximum at 12.2°.In this case,at what angle would the second-order maximum occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bragg reflection results in a first-order maximum...

Question 2

According to the de Broglie hypothesis,which of the following statements is applicable to the wavelength of a moving particle?

Accepted Answer

The de Broglie hypothesis states that the wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its momentum, which is mathematically expressed as λ = h/p, where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck's constant, and p is the momentum of the particle.

Question 3

What is the energy of a photon with the Compton wavelength (0.00437 nm)? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−¹⁹ J)

Accepted Answer

We can use the Compton scattering equation:

λ' - λ = h/mc (1-cosθ)

where λ' is the wavelength of the scattered photon, λ is the wavelength of the incident photon, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the electron, c is the speed of light, and θ is the scattering angle.

Since we're given the Compton wavelength (λ'), we can rearrange the equation to solve for the energy (E) of the incident photon:

E = hc/λ

Substituting λ' for λ and using the given values:

E = hc/(0.00437 nm) = (6.63 x 10^-34 J.s)(3 x 10^8 m/s)/(4.37 x 10^-12 m) = 4.57 x 10^-15 J

Converting J to eV:

E = (4.57 x 10^-15 J)/(1.60 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2.86 x 10^4 eV

Therefore, the answer is B) 2.84E+5 eV.

Question 4

X-ray production occurs in which process?

Accepted Answer

X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons to high energies and then allowing the electrons to hit a metal target. This collision results in the emission of X-ray photons. Therefore, the correct option is “electrons hitting a metal, emitting photons”. Choices A and C are similar but do not reflect the complete process. Choice D, scattering elastically, is not related to X-ray production.

Question 5

Which process cannot occur if only one photon is involved?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which process cannot occur if only one...

Question 6

In an x-ray diffraction experiment,using x-rays of wavelength λ = 0.434 × 10−¹⁰ m,a first-order maximum occurred at 8° off the crystal plane.Find the distance d between crystal planes.

Accepted Answer

The distance between crystal planes, $d$, can be found using Bragg's law, $n\lambda = 2d\sin(\theta)$, where $n$ is the order of the maximum, $\lambda$ is the wavelength of the X-rays, and $\theta$ is the angle from the crystal plane. Given $n = 1$, $\lambda = 0.434 \times 10^{-10}$ m, and $\theta = 8^\circ$, we can solve for $d$. Rearranging Bragg's law gives $d = \frac{\lambda}{2\sin(\theta)}$. Substituting the given values and calculating gives $d \approx 1.56 \times 10^{-10}$ m.

Question 7

What is the de Broglie wavelength for a proton (m = 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg)moving at a speed of 2.9 × 10⁶ m/s? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the de Broglie wavelength for...

Question 8

If an x-ray machine were designed to operate at two separate accelerating voltages,one double the other,how would the shortest wavelength,λ_min,hν,and the maximum frequency,f_max,hν,at the higher voltage compare to those (λ_min,lv,f_max,lv)at the lower voltage? Λ_min,hv/ λ_min,lv = ________,f_max,hv/ f_max,lv =________:

Accepted Answer

The shortest wavelength is inversely proportional to the voltage (due to the relationship λ_min = hc/eV, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, e is the electron charge, and V is the voltage), so doubling the voltage halves the shortest wavelength. The maximum frequency is directly proportional to the voltage (since f_max = eV/h), so doubling the voltage doubles the maximum frequency.

Question 9

In regard to the Compton scattering experiment with x-rays incident upon a carbon block,as the scattering angle becomes larger,what happens to the magnitude of difference between the incident and scattered wavelengths?

Accepted Answer

As the scattering angle becomes larger, the magnitude of the difference between the incident and scattered wavelengths increases according to the Compton scattering equation. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 10

Who conceived the idea of using a crystal for observing diffraction of x-rays?

Accepted Answer

Max von Laue conceived the idea of using a crystal for observing diffraction of x-rays in 1912.

Question 11

According to de Broglie,as the momentum of a moving particle is tripled,the corresponding wavelength changes by what factor?

Accepted Answer

According to de Broglie's equation, λ = h/p, where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck's constant, and p is the momentum. Since λ is inversely proportional to p, as p is tripled, λ will be divided by 3, making the factor of change 1/3. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 12

What is the highest frequency of the photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

Accepted Answer

The highest frequency of photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine can be calculated using the formula f = E/h, where E is the energy of the photon and h is the Planck's constant. The maximum energy of photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine is given by E = 28,000 eV. Converting this to joules, we get E = 4.48 × 10^-15 J. Substituting this value and the value of Planck's constant (h = 6.63 × 10^-34 J⋅s) in the formula, we get f = (4.48 × 10^-15)/(6.63 × 10^-34) = 6.8 × 10^18 Hz. Therefore, the highest frequency of photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine is 6.8 × 10^18 Hz, which corresponds to answer choice D.

Question 13

Rosalind Franklin was:

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin was a British biophysicist who produced the x-ray diffraction photographs of DNA that allowed for the discovery of its double helix structure by James Watson and Francis Crick. She played a critical role in the field of molecular biology and contributed significantly to our understanding of DNA.

Question 14

X-rays of wavelength of 0.0656 nm undergo Compton scattering from free electrons in carbon.What is the wavelength of photons scattered at 82.5° relative to the incident beam? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,m_e = 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

Accepted Answer

The wavelength change in Compton scattering is given by the formula $\Delta \lambda = \frac{h}{m_e c} (1 - \cos \theta)$, where $h$ is Planck's constant, $m_e$ is the electron mass, $c$ is the speed of light, and $\theta$ is the scattering angle in radians. Given $h = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{J⋅s}$, $m_e = 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$, $c = 3.00 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$, and $\theta = 82.5^\circ$, we first convert the angle to radians: $\theta = 82.5^\circ \times \frac{\pi}{180} = 1.4399 \, \text{radians}$. The Compton wavelength shift constant $\lambda_C = \frac{h}{m_e c} = 2.426 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{m}$. Plugging the values into the formula gives $\Delta \lambda = 2.426 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{m} \times (1 - \cos(1.4399)) = 2.426 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{m} \times (1 - \cos(1.4399)) = 2.1 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{m} = 0.0021 \, \text{nm}$. Adding this to the initial wavelength of $0.0656 \, \text{nm}$ gives a scattered wavelength of $0.0656 \, \text{nm} + 0.0021 \, \text{nm} = 0.0677 \, \text{nm}$.

Question 15

The Compton experiment demonstrated which of the following when an x-ray photon collides with an electron?

Accepted Answer

The Compton experiment demonstrated that both momentum and energy are conserved when an x-ray photon collides with an electron. This is observed through the change in wavelength and direction of the scattered photon compared to the incident photon. The phenomenon is known as Compton scattering.

Question 16

Changing the accelerating voltage of an x-ray machine without changing the target material must change:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changing the accelerating voltage of an x-ray...

Question 17

In the Compton effect,what is the greatest change in wavelength that can occur? (h = 6.63 × 10^-34 J·s,m_electron = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg,and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

Accepted Answer

The formula for the maximum change in wavelength in Compton effect is given by Δλ = (h/mc)(1-cosθ), where h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the electron, c is the speed of light, and θ is the angle between the incident photon and the scattered photon. Substituting the given values, we get Δλ = (6.63E-34 / 9.11E-31 * 3.00E8)(1 - cos(180°)) = 4.85E-12 m. Therefore, the maximum change in wavelength that can occur is 4.85 × 10^-12 m, which is option B.

Question 18

The spacing between atoms in KCl crystal is 3.1 × 10−¹⁰ m.At what angle from the surface will a beam of 3.57 × 10−¹¹-m x-rays be constructively scattered?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spacing between atoms in KCl crystal...

Question 19

An important use of x-ray diffraction was:

Accepted Answer

X-ray diffraction was crucial in determining the structure of the DNA molecule by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1952. They used X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA fibers to deduce the helical structure and spacing of the molecule. This discovery was critical in the understanding of genetics and paved the way for the development of the field of molecular biology.

Question 20

In Bragg's law,2d sin θ = mλ,how is θ measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Bragg's law,2d sin θ = mλ,how...

Quiz 27: Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis

Bragg reflection results in a first-order maximum at 12.2°.In this case,at what angle would the second-order maximum occur?

According to the de Broglie hypothesis,which of the following statements is applicable to the wavelength of a moving particle?

What is the energy of a photon with the Compton wavelength (0.00437 nm) ? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−¹⁹ J)

X-ray production occurs in which process?

Which process cannot occur if only one photon is involved?

In an x-ray diffraction experiment,using x-rays of wavelength λ = 0.434 × 10−¹⁰ m,a first-order maximum occurred at 8° off the crystal plane.Find the distance d between crystal planes.

What is the de Broglie wavelength for a proton (m = 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg) moving at a speed of 2.9 × 10⁶ m/s? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

In regard to the Compton scattering experiment with x-rays incident upon a carbon block,as the scattering angle becomes larger,what happens to the magnitude of difference between the incident and scattered wavelengths?

Who conceived the idea of using a crystal for observing diffraction of x-rays?

According to de Broglie,as the momentum of a moving particle is tripled,the corresponding wavelength changes by what factor?

What is the highest frequency of the photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

Rosalind Franklin was:

X-rays of wavelength of 0.0656 nm undergo Compton scattering from free electrons in carbon.What is the wavelength of photons scattered at 82.5° relative to the incident beam? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,m_e = 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

The Compton experiment demonstrated which of the following when an x-ray photon collides with an electron?

Changing the accelerating voltage of an x-ray machine without changing the target material must change:

In the Compton effect,what is the greatest change in wavelength that can occur? (h = 6.63 × 10^-34 J·s,m_electron = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg,and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

The spacing between atoms in KCl crystal is 3.1 × 10−¹⁰ m.At what angle from the surface will a beam of 3.57 × 10−¹¹-m x-rays be constructively scattered?

An important use of x-ray diffraction was:

In Bragg's law,2d sin θ = mλ,how is θ measured?

Quiz 27: Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis

Bragg reflection results in a first-order maximum at 12.2°.In this case,at what angle would the second-order maximum occur?

According to the de Broglie hypothesis,which of the following statements is applicable to the wavelength of a moving particle?

What is the energy of a photon with the Compton wavelength (0.00437 nm) ? (h = 6.63 × 10−34 J⋅s,c = 3.00 × 108 m/s,and 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J)

X-ray production occurs in which process?

Which process cannot occur if only one photon is involved?

In an x-ray diffraction experiment,using x-rays of wavelength λ = 0.434 × 10−10 m,a first-order maximum occurred at 8° off the crystal plane.Find the distance d between crystal planes.

What is the de Broglie wavelength for a proton (m = 1.67 × 10−27 kg) moving at a speed of 2.9 × 106 m/s? (h = 6.63 × 10−34 J⋅s)

In regard to the Compton scattering experiment with x-rays incident upon a carbon block,as the scattering angle becomes larger,what happens to the magnitude of difference between the incident and scattered wavelengths?

Who conceived the idea of using a crystal for observing diffraction of x-rays?

According to de Broglie,as the momentum of a moving particle is tripled,the corresponding wavelength changes by what factor?

What is the highest frequency of the photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine? (h = 6.63 × 10−34 J⋅s)

Rosalind Franklin was:

X-rays of wavelength of 0.0656 nm undergo Compton scattering from free electrons in carbon.What is the wavelength of photons scattered at 82.5° relative to the incident beam? (h = 6.63 × 10−34 J⋅s,me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg,c = 3.00 × 108 m/s,and 1 nm = 10−9 m)

The Compton experiment demonstrated which of the following when an x-ray photon collides with an electron?

Changing the accelerating voltage of an x-ray machine without changing the target material must change:

In the Compton effect,what is the greatest change in wavelength that can occur? (h = 6.63 × 10-34 J·s,melectron = 9.11 × 10-31 kg,and c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)

The spacing between atoms in KCl crystal is 3.1 × 10−10 m.At what angle from the surface will a beam of 3.57 × 10−11-m x-rays be constructively scattered?

An important use of x-ray diffraction was:

In Bragg's law,2d sin θ = mλ,how is θ measured?

What is the energy of a photon with the Compton wavelength (0.00437 nm) ? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−¹⁹ J)

In an x-ray diffraction experiment,using x-rays of wavelength λ = 0.434 × 10−¹⁰ m,a first-order maximum occurred at 8° off the crystal plane.Find the distance d between crystal planes.

What is the de Broglie wavelength for a proton (m = 1.67 × 10−²⁷ kg) moving at a speed of 2.9 × 10⁶ m/s? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

What is the highest frequency of the photons produced by a 28-kV x-ray machine? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s)

X-rays of wavelength of 0.0656 nm undergo Compton scattering from free electrons in carbon.What is the wavelength of photons scattered at 82.5° relative to the incident beam? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,m_e = 9.11 × 10−³¹ kg,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,and 1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

In the Compton effect,what is the greatest change in wavelength that can occur? (h = 6.63 × 10^-34 J·s,m_electron = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg,and c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

The spacing between atoms in KCl crystal is 3.1 × 10−¹⁰ m.At what angle from the surface will a beam of 3.57 × 10−¹¹-m x-rays be constructively scattered?