Question 1

Angelo is 5 years old and has a poor attention span.He often fidgets and is impulsive.It is possible that Angelo's mother used _______ when pregnant.

Accepted Answer

Cocaine use during pregnancy is associated with attention deficits and impulsivity in children.

Question 2

During which period of development is the unborn baby MOST AT RISK of developing a structural defect because of the effects of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

During the embryonic period (weeks 3-8), the developing embryo is most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens. This is the period when the major organs and systems are forming, and any disruption to this process can result in structural defects or other abnormalities. The fetal period (week 9 to birth) is still a critical time for development, but most major organ systems have already formed by this point. Teratogens can still have an impact on growth and function during the fetal period, but the risk of structural defects is reduced. The germinal period (first two weeks after conception) is too early for teratogens to have a significant impact, and any damage during this time is more likely to cause the pregnancy to end in miscarriage or fail to implant. At conception, teratogens cannot have any effect since fertilization has not yet occurred.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for infertility in a woman?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use may affect fertility, but it is not a direct cause of infertility in women.

Question 4

Which of the following is an invasive prenatal test that uses amniotic fluid to test for disorders?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is the invasive prenatal test that uses amniotic fluid to test for disorders. Chorionic villus sampling (A) is another invasive test that involves taking a sample of placental tissue. Ultrasound sonography (B) and fetal MRI (D) are non-invasive tests that use imaging technology to monitor fetal development and detect any potential abnormalities. However, they do not involve taking a sample of amniotic fluid or tissue for testing.

Question 5

David and Kelly are seeking help for infertility problems.Under their physician's guidance,they decide to undergo a procedure in which one of Kelly's eggs is combined in a laboratory dish with her husband's sperm.What procedure is this?

Accepted Answer

This procedure, where an egg and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish, is called in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Question 6

This is a prenatal medical procedure where a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders.

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is the procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders. This procedure is typically performed during the second trimester of pregnancy and can provide important information about the health of the baby.

Question 7

Dan and Michelle have been having difficulty conceiving a child,so they've decided to try in-vitro fertilization to start a family.One of the risks of this assisted reproductive technology that they should know about is that:

Accepted Answer

One of the risks of IVF is that it increases the likelihood of multiple births. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 25-30 percent of pregnancies that result from IVF are multiple births, compared to only 1-2 percent of natural pregnancies. This can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the babies.

Question 8

Sequoia is pregnant and drinks heavily 3 to 4 days a week.Her unborn child is at a high risk for developing:

Accepted Answer

Sequoia's heavy drinking puts her unborn child at high risk for developing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD is a group of physical, behavioral, and cognitive problems that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder can lead to lifelong physical and mental disabilities. Embryonic poisoning, infantile amnesia, and sudden infant death syndrome are not directly related to the effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Question 9

All of the following are alternative possible contributors to problems found in the children of cocaine users,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Mental illness is not typically considered an alternative contributor to problems in children of cocaine users, whereas factors like marijuana use, poverty, and alcohol use are more directly associated with environmental and lifestyle influences that can affect child development.

Question 10

Maternal blood screening identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects such as:

Accepted Answer

Maternal blood screening can identify pregnancies that have an elevated risk for both Down syndrome and spina bifida.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a psychoactive drug?

Accepted Answer

Not all psychoactive drugs are necessarily addictive. While some may have the potential for addiction, others do not. Addiction is a complex condition that is influenced by both biological and environmental factors.

Question 12

The Food and Drug Administration recommends the following:

Accepted Answer

The consumption of caffeine during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage and low birth weight, therefore it is best for pregnant women to avoid or limit their intake.

Answer: B
 Secondhand smoke can indeed harm the fetus and increase the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.

Answer: None
 The consumption of alcohol and cocaine during pregnancy can lead to serious harm and should be avoided entirely. There is no safe level of consumption during pregnancy.

Question 13

Which of the following is more likely to occur in the child of a woman who smokes?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that smoking during pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the child. It is not associated with mental retardation, autism spectrum disorder, or reactive attachment disorder.

Question 14

Sheila is pregnant and has a family history of spina bifida.Which test would be used to determine whether her fetus has this defect?

Accepted Answer

Maternal blood screening can detect elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein, which may indicate neural tube defects like spina bifida in the fetus.

Question 15

Koko has decided to continue smoking while pregnant.She is placing her baby at risk for all of the following,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are potential risks for a baby whose mother smokes during pregnancy except for mild mental retardation, which is not a known risk associated with smoking during pregnancy. However, there are other potential risks such as behavioral problems and increased risk for developmental delays.

Question 16

This is a prenatal medical procedure where high-frequency sound waves are directed into the women's abdomen.

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound sonography is a prenatal medical procedure where high-frequency sound waves are directed into the women's abdomen to create an image of the developing fetus. This procedure is used to monitor fetal growth and development, check for any potential abnormalities, and determine the sex of the baby.

Question 17

Research suggests that mothers who drink 200 milligrams or more of caffeine a day increase their risk of:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that consuming 200 milligrams or more of caffeine per day during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage. It is recommended that pregnant women limit their caffeine intake to less than 200 milligrams per day to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for the baby.

Question 18

A teratogen is any agent that can cause:

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is any agent that can cause birth defects in a developing fetus, such as exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy. It does not necessarily cause early birth, fetal movement, or maternal discomfort.

Question 19

________ drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness,modify perceptions,and change moods.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs are those that alter the state of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods by acting on the nervous system. Psychotropic refers to drugs that affect the mind, while psychiatric refers to drugs used in the treatment of mental disorders. Psychologic refers to the study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 20

Sylvia has severe cystic acne and is taking Accutane,a drug prescribed by her doctor.She has just discovered that she is pregnant.Her doctor should tell her to:

Accepted Answer

Accutane is known to cause severe birth defects and should not be taken during pregnancy. Therefore, the doctor should advise Sylvia to stop taking Accutane immediately upon discovering her pregnancy. It is important for her to discuss alternative treatment options with her doctor.

Quiz 2: Biological Beginnings