Question 1

______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body.

Accepted Answer

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are synthesized in the liver to transport triglycerides (fat) to other tissues in the body. Chylomicrons are synthesized in the intestines and transport dietary fat, while low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are formed from VLDLs and deliver cholesterol to the cells. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol from the cells back to the liver.

Question 2

One of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids is

Accepted Answer

Walnuts are one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 3

Which of the following is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Salmon is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 4

Studies of the Greenlandic Inuit population have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease.What is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed?

Accepted Answer

Fish contains long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, which have been shown to decrease blood clotting by reducing platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation, leading to a decrease in the risk of heart disease.

Question 5

Once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination via the bloodstream,the triglycerides in the chylomicrons are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by an enzyme associated with the blood vessel called ________ lipase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination...

Question 6

______ is an essential omega-3 fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is an essential omega-3 fatty acid.
...

Question 7

Immediately after a meal,newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as

Accepted Answer

Newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as chylomicrons, which transport the fats from the small intestine to other tissues in the body.

Question 8

After dietary fats are digested,the small intestinal cells absorb a mixture of

Accepted Answer

Digestion of fats results in the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids. The small intestinal cells then absorb a mixture of monoglycerides and fatty acids, which are transported into the circulatory system. Diglycerides and triglycerides are further broken down into monoglycerides and fatty acids before absorption.

Question 9

The main regulator of blood cholesterol levels is the

Accepted Answer

The liver is the main regulator of blood cholesterol levels as it produces and secretes cholesterol into the bloodstream and also removes excess cholesterol from the blood through various processes. The intestine also plays a role in cholesterol metabolism, but it is not the main regulator. The heart and brain do not directly regulate blood cholesterol levels.

Question 10

Which of the following lipase enzymes digests the majority of dietary fat?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic lipase is the primary lipase enzyme responsible for digesting the majority of dietary fat. Lingual lipase and gastric lipase are also involved in fat digestion, but to a lesser extent. Lingual lipase primarily acts on short- and medium-chain fatty acids, while gastric lipase works on emulsifying ingested fats.

Question 11

To be transported throughout the body,fats are packaged in structures called

Accepted Answer

Lipoproteins are complexes that are made up of both fats and proteins to allow for transport throughout the body. Sterols and phospholipids are also involved in lipid transport but are not specifically used for packaging fats. Micelles are only used for the transport of small lipids and cannot transport larger fats.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 13

The major fat-digesting enzyme is

Accepted Answer

Lipase is the major enzyme responsible for the digestion of fats in the small intestine. Amylase is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, pepsin for the digestion of proteins and trypsin for the breakdown of proteins in the small intestine, but none of these enzymes are primarily involved in the digestion of fats.

Question 14

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, meaning it cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through the diet. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid are all non-essential fatty acids, meaning the body can produce them on its own.

Question 15

Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to ______ levels of LDL in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to increase levels of LDL in the blood. This is because trans fats can lower HDL (good) cholesterol and raise LDL (bad) cholesterol, increasing the risk for heart disease.

Question 16

After chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells,they are transported via what system?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons are too large to enter the bloodstream directly, so they are transported through the lymphatic system, specifically the lacteals, which are specialized lymphatic vessels in the small intestine. Once the chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system, they eventually reach the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.

Question 17

Fatty fish,such as salmon,are rich sources of which omega-3 fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Fatty fish such as salmon are rich sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), one of the three main omega-3 fatty acids. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in some meats, while alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is another omega-3 fatty acid found in plants such as flaxseeds and walnuts. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a different type of fatty acid found in dairy and meat products.

Question 18

Lipoproteins contain all of the following components except

Accepted Answer

Lipoproteins contain protein, cholesterol, and phospholipids as their main components. They may also incorporate other lipids, such as triglycerides, and some lipoproteins may have small amounts of carbohydrates attached to their protein component. However, lipoproteins do not contain significant amounts of free carbohydrates, so the correct answer is (C) carbohydrates.

Question 19

After absorption,long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are

Accepted Answer

Inside intestinal cells, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are reformed into triglycerides, which are then packaged into lipoprotein particles called chylomicrons for transport through the lymphatic system and into circulation. They are not converted into proteins, glucose, or cholesterol.

Question 20

Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is responsible for picking up excess cholesterol from dying cells, as well as from other sources such as plaques in blood vessels. HDL then transports this cholesterol back to the liver where it can be excreted from the body.

Quiz 5: Lipids