Question 1

In which are the molecules moving faster: a swimming pool of boiling water or a cup of boiling water?

Accepted Answer

The temperature of both the swimming pool and the cup is the same since both contain boiling water. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules, so the average motion of the molecules is the same in both cases.

Question 2

Which of the following is the least amount of energy?

Accepted Answer

1.0 joules is the least amount of energy compared to kilojoules, Calories, kilocalories, and calories.

Question 3

Which is more evident: potential or kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it involves motion. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object, and it is easy to detect the motion of an object. On the other hand, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or state, and it is not always easy to detect.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes temperature?

Accepted Answer

Temperature is defined as the measure of the average amount of kinetic energy in a substance. It is specifically related to the motion of particles in a substance, which is a type of energy known as thermal energy. While temperature is related to heat, it is not equivalent to the total amount of energy in a substance, as additional factors such as the substance's mass and specific heat capacity can impact the overall amount of heat it contains.

Question 5

If you drop a hot rock into a pail of water, the temperature of the rock and the water change until the two are equal. The rock cools and the water warms. Does this hold true if the hot rock is dropped into the Atlantic Ocean?

Accepted Answer

This holds true regardless of the size of the body of water or any dissolved salts it may contain. Heat will continue to flow until the hot rock and water have the same temperature due to the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 6

An old remedy for separating a pair of nested drinking glasses stuck together is to run water at one temperature into the inner glass and then run water at a different temperature over the surface of the outer glass. Which water should be hot and which should be cold?

Accepted Answer

Running hot water over the outer glass causes it to expand, while filling the inner glass with cold water causes it to contract, making it easier to separate the glasses.

Question 7

Which temperature is the hottest?

Accepted Answer

100°C is the hottest as it represents the temperature of boiling water, while 100 K is -173°C and 100°F is 37.8°C, both of which are lower temperatures.

Question 8

Which of the following temperatures is not possible?

Accepted Answer

The Kelvin scale starts at 0 K which is equivalent to -273.15°C. Therefore, negative temperatures in Kelvin (-200 K) are not possible as it would require a temperature lower than absolute zero, where all molecular motion would cease. The other options are all possible temperatures on different temperature scales.

Question 9

The value 300 joules could be a measure of ________.

Accepted Answer

300 joules can measure the energy content of an object (A) or the amount of heat transferred (B), but not temperature, which is measured in degrees.

Question 10

What is temperature a measure of?

Accepted Answer

Temperature is primarily a measure of the average kinetic energy of the submicroscopic particles of a material. However, temperature is also a measure of how hot or cold something is relative to some standard (such as the freezing point or boiling point of water). Therefore, both choices A and C are correct.

Question 11

A supersonic airplane heats up considerably when traveling through the air at speeds greater than the speed of sound. As a result, the airplane during supersonic flight is longer than when it is at rest on the ground. Offer an explanation for this length change from a submicroscopic perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A supersonic airplane heats up considerably when...

Question 12

Will your body possess energy after you die? If so, what kind?

Accepted Answer

Your body possesses chemical potential energy, which is the potential energy found within the atoms and molecules of your tissues. Additionally, even after death, the atoms and molecules that make up your body continue to vibrate and move, which means they have kinetic energy at the molecular level. Therefore, the correct answer is that your body possesses chemical potential energy, but also kinetic energy at the level of atoms and molecules, which vibrate rapidly.

Question 13

What determines the direction of heat flow?

Accepted Answer

Heat always flows from a higher-temperature substance into a lower-temperature substance. This is known as the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This law states that heat flows from hot to cold objects or systems as a result of the random motion of molecules and the tendency of higher energy particles to move towards regions of lower energy. This is what causes the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another.

Question 14

How many joules are there in a candy bar containing 230,000 calories?

Accepted Answer

To convert calories to joules, we multiply the number of calories by 4.184. Thus, the number of joules in a candy bar containing 230,000 calories is 230,000 x 4.184 = 963,520. The closest choice to this value is D, which is 960,000 joules.

Question 15

When a liquid evaporates, the vapor expands because ________.

Accepted Answer

When a liquid evaporates, its molecules gain energy from the surroundings and move faster, which increases their kinetic energy. As a result, they break the liquid's cohesive forces and escape into the atmosphere as individual gaseous particles with higher kinetic energy than the liquid particles. These gas particles are in constant motion and spread out to fill the available space, causing the vapor to expand. Therefore, the best choice is D: the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles.

Question 16

Heat Is a measure of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heat Is a measure of ________.
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Question 17

A minimum temperature exists (absolute zero). Why does no known maximum temperature exist?

Accepted Answer

Assuming there is no limit on the relative speed of atoms and molecules, it follows that the kinetic energy of these particles can continue to increase without any upper bound. This means that there is no theoretical maximum temperature that can be reached. However, in practical terms, there are limits to how hot a substance can become before it undergoes chemical changes, melts, or vaporizes.

Question 18

Which of the following would best describe heat?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from hot objects to cold ones. This process occurs until both objects reach a state of thermal equilibrium, which means they have the same temperature and thus no more heat transfer occurs. Therefore, heat moves from high to low temperature objects.

Question 19

Which has more total energy: a cup of boiling water at 100°C or a swimming pool of slightly cooler water at 90°C?

Accepted Answer

The swimming pool at 90°C has more energy because it has a much larger volume of water, and thus a greater total amount of thermal energy, despite being at a slightly lower temperature than the cup of boiling water.

Question 20

How many calories are there in a candy bar containing 230 Calories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many calories are there in a...

Quiz 2: Particles of Matter