Question 1

A metabolic pathway that can be illustrated as A → B → C → D is said to be a(an)________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A metabolic pathway that can be illustrated as A → B → C → D is a linear pathway, which means the pathway progresses in a straight line from one molecule to the next without any branches or side reactions.

Question 2

The sum of all the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is

Accepted Answer

The sum of all biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is called metabolism. Anabolism and catabolism are two subdivisions of metabolism, but neither represents the complete scope of all biochemical reactions that occur in an organism. Digestion and respiration are specific processes within metabolism.

Question 3

The cellular organelle that is responsible for most cellular catabolic redox reactions is the

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell as they are responsible for most of the energy production in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This process involves catabolic redox reactions where organic molecules are oxidized, and oxygen is reduced to generate energy. Therefore, the correct answer is A) mitochondria. Choice B) chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, which is an anabolic process, and not catabolic. Choice C) peroxisomes are involved in various metabolic processes but do not play a significant role in cellular catabolic redox reactions. Choice D) ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis and do not participate in redox reactions.

Question 4

Photosynthesis is an ________ process because the free energy of the products is ________ the free energy of the reactants.

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is an endergonic process because it requires energy to be put into the system in order to drive the reaction forward. The free energy of the products (glucose and oxygen) is greater than the free energy of the reactants (carbon dioxide and water) because sunlight energy is absorbed and converted into chemical energy.

Question 5

A metabolic pathway in which a molecule is progressively built up by repeated interaction with the same set of enzymes is a(an)________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

Spiral pathways involve the progressive buildup or breakdown of molecules through the repeated action of the same set of enzymes, making them distinct from linear, cyclic, anabolic, and catabolic pathways.

Question 6

Exergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions have a negative value of ΔG, meaning they release energy. These reactions are spontaneous, meaning they will occur without added energy input.

Question 7

Exergonic reactions are those that are ________ and that ________ liberate free energy.

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions are spontaneous and release free energy.

Question 8

The biochemical process in which simple molecules are combined to make larger ones and energy is consumed is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the process by which simple molecules are combined to make larger ones and energy is consumed. This is the opposite of catabolism, which breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones while releasing energy. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down by the body, and metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life. Respiration specifically refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the body.

Question 9

The mitochondria are the location where ________ takes place and most ________ is produced.

Accepted Answer

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria and ATP production occurs through oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain, which is also located in the mitochondria. Therefore, choice A is the correct option.

Question 10

The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones and energy is released is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, often releasing energy in the process. Anabolism, on the other hand, is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, often requiring energy. Digestion is a specific form of catabolism that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism includes all of the chemical processes that occur in an organism, including both catabolic and anabolic processes. Respiration specifically refers to the process of converting oxygen and nutrients into energy within the body.

Question 11

The abbreviation ATP stands for

Accepted Answer

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, which is a molecule that stores and transports energy within cells. It consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 12

Endergonic reactions are those that are ________ and that ________ liberate free energy.

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions require an input of energy and are therefore nonspontaneous. They also do not liberate free energy, which is a characteristic of exergonic reactions.

Question 13

The contents of a cell found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane are called the

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the contents of a cell that are found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane is cytoplasm. Therefore, the best choice is E, cytoplasm. Choices A, B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of the contents of that region of the cell.

Question 14

All of the following are specific requirements for energy in biochemical processes except

Accepted Answer

While energy needed for unfavorable reactions must be available, it does not have to be in the form of heat specifically. It can also come from other sources such as the hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 15

The process by which the cell produces ATP in the mitochondria is called

Accepted Answer

The production of ATP within the mitochondria is through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. This involves the transport of electrons through the electron transport chain, which results in the formation of a proton gradient that is used to generate ATP.

Question 16

The enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation system are located in the

Accepted Answer

The oxidative phosphorylation system, which generates most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells, takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically in the cristae (folds) of the mitochondria. Therefore, the enzymes involved in this system are located in the cristae of the mitochondria.

Question 17

Metabolism is composed of which process(es)?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is composed of two processes: anabolism, which builds molecules and requires energy, and catabolism, which breaks down molecules and releases energy. "Oncologism" is not a valid term related to metabolism.

Question 18

Endergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions have a positive value of ΔG, meaning they require energy to proceed. They are not spontaneous because they require an input of energy to occur.

Question 19

The ultimate source of energy for all but a very few biochemical reactions is

Accepted Answer

The sun is the ultimate source of energy for most biochemical reactions, as it provides the energy for photosynthesis in plants, which ultimately results in the production of carbohydrates and other organic molecules that serve as energy sources for most organisms on Earth. While hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, lipids, and ATP can all be used as sources of energy for various biochemical reactions, they ultimately derive their energy from the sun via photosynthesis or other processes.

Question 20

The cellular organelle associated with energy production is the

Accepted Answer

The mitochondrion is the primary cellular organelle associated with energy production. It is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration. The other options listed do not play a significant role in energy production.

Quiz 20: The Generation of Biochemical Energy

A metabolic pathway that can be illustrated as A → B → C → D is said to be a(an) ________ pathway.

The sum of all the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is

The cellular organelle that is responsible for most cellular catabolic redox reactions is the

Photosynthesis is an process because the free energy of the products is the free energy of the reactants.

A metabolic pathway in which a molecule is progressively built up by repeated interaction with the same set of enzymes is a(an) ________ pathway.

Exergonic reactions are those that have a value of ΔG and spontaneous.

Exergonic reactions are those that are and that liberate free energy.

The biochemical process in which simple molecules are combined to make larger ones and energy is consumed is referred to as

The mitochondria are the location where takes place and most is produced.