Question 1

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Mitochondria
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are responsible for extracting energy stored in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. They synthesize ATP, produce water and carbon dioxide as byproducts.

Answer: E
 Mitochondria are not involved in synthesizing subunits for ribosomes. This is the job of the nucleolus.

Answer: F
 Mitochondria are not directly involved in protein synthesis. This occurs on ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.

Answer: G
 Mitochondria do not store substances. This is the role of vacuoles.

Answer: H
 Mitochondria do not encode hereditary information. This is the job of the nucleus.

Answer: I
 Mitochondria are not involved in distributing chromosomes during cell division. This is the job of the spindle fibers.

Answer: J
 Mitochondria do not convert light energy to chemical energy. This is the job of chloroplasts in plant cells.

Question 2

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Golgi bodies
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Golgi bodies are responsible for packaging cellular secretions, such as proteins, for export.

Answer: E 
 Golgi bodies synthesize the subunits that will assemble into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Note: Golgi bodies do not contain enzymes for digestion (A), assemble proteins (B), extract energy from carbohydrates or synthesize ATP (D), convert light energy into chemical energy (J), store substances (G), encode hereditary information (H), or distribute chromosomes during cell division (I).

Question 3

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Chloroplasts
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are the primary site for photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose or starch.

Answer: None
 None of the other descriptions fit chloroplasts. Chloroplasts do not contain enzymes for intracellular digestion (A), assemble proteins (B), package cellular secretions (C), extract energy from carbohydrates or produce water and carbon dioxide (D), synthesize subunits for ribosomes in the cytoplasm (E), participate in protein synthesis (F), store substances (G), encode hereditary information (H), or help distribute chromosomes during cell division (I).

Question 4

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-DNA molecules
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

DNA molecules encode hereditary information.

Answer: F 
 DNA molecules participate in protein synthesis as they code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Answer: E
 DNA molecules synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Answer: I 
 DNA molecules help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division.

Note: The other answer choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function or role of DNA molecules.

Question 5

Which property is true of living things?  
A) They are stable over time.
B) They are stable over many generations.
C) They use protein as their hereditary material.
D) They must obtain all organic molecules of life from external sources.
E) They require water.

Accepted Answer

Living things require water for various vital processes, such as metabolism, transport, and temperature regulation. Water is essential for the maintenance of life, and no organism can survive without it. Therefore, among the given options, only option E correctly describes the property of living things.

Question 6

What is a defining feature of a eukaryotic cell?  
A) Cell wall surrounding the cell
B) Plasma membrane external to the cell wall
C) Internal membranes surrounding organelles
D) Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
E) Large vacuole for storage

Accepted Answer

Internal membranes surrounding organelles are a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes surrounding organelles and instead have their genetic material, ribosomes, and other cellular components floating freely in the cytoplasm. The presence of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells allows for compartmentalization and specialization of cellular processes.

Question 7

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
-This organelle plays a role in cell defense.
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondrion
C)Lysosome
D)Golgi body
E)Endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest foreign substances and cellular waste, thus playing a role in cell defense.

Question 8

Which structure below is unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar?  
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Chloroplast
C) Plasma membrane
D) Chromosome
E) Nuclear envelope

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar through photosynthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, chromosome, and nuclear envelope are found in various types of cells and are not exclusive to photosynthetic organisms.

Question 9

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Central vacuoles
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Central vacuoles are storage organelles found in plant cells.

Answer: A
 Lysosomes contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Answer: J
 Chloroplasts are responsible for converting light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch.

Note: None of the descriptions provided match option B, C, D, E, F, H, and I.

Question 10

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Lysosomes
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Question 11

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
-The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondrion
C)Lysosome
D)Golgi body
E)Endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are organelles responsible for cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules via hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 12

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Microtubules
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Microtubules help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division.

Question 13

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-RNA molecules
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

RNA molecules participate in protein synthesis by providing the template for the synthesis of proteins.

Answer: E
 RNA molecules synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Answer: H
 RNA molecules encode hereditary information in the form of nucleotide sequences.

Note: None of the other options describe the functions of RNA molecules accurately.

Question 14

What is a function of plastids?  
A) Aerobic respiration
B) Environmental sensing
C) Breakdown of ATP
D) Storage
E) Waste removal

Accepted Answer

Plastids are responsible for various functions such as storage of starch, lipids, pigments, and proteins. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria, environmental sensing occurs in sensory cells, breakdown of ATP occurs in the cytoplasm, and waste removal occurs in lysosomes.

Question 15

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
-This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondrion
C)Lysosome
D)Golgi body
E)Endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for translating genetic information from mRNA into proteins, making them the site of polypeptide assembly.

Question 16

Which item below is unique to eukaryotic cells?  
A) Cell wall
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleoid
D) Ribosomes
E) Vacuole

Accepted Answer

Vacuoles are unique to eukaryotic cells and are membrane-bound organelles that store water, nutrients, and waste products. A is incorrect because some prokaryotes have cell walls; B is incorrect because both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have plasma membranes; C is incorrect because nucleoids are found in prokaryotes instead of true nuclei found in eukaryotes; D is incorrect because ribosomes are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although they may differ in size and structure.

Question 17

Which characteristic of a chloroplast makes it appear green?  
A) The outer membrane
B) The inner membrane
C) The stroma
D) The plastid
E) The chlorophyll

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll is the pigment found within chloroplasts that absorbs light energy and gives them their green color.

Question 18

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Ribosomes
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled.

Question 19

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
-Nucleoli
A)Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
B)Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
C)Package cellular secretions for export
D)Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
E)Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
F)Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
G)Store substances
H)Encode hereditary information
I)Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
J)Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch

Accepted Answer

Nucleoli synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Answer: F
 Nucleoli contain molecules that participate in protein synthesis.

Note: None of the other choices accurately describe nucleoli.

Question 20

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
-This two-part organelle is found in the endoplasmic reticulum.
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondrion
C)Lysosome
D)Golgi body
E)Endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the organelles that are found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are responsible for protein synthesis.

Answer: E) Endoplasmic reticulum 
 The endoplasmic reticulum is a two-part organelle consisting of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while the SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Quiz 4: Cell Structure

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Mitochondria

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Golgi bodies

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Chloroplasts

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -DNA molecules

Which property is true of living things?

What is a defining feature of a eukaryotic cell?

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles. -This organelle plays a role in cell defense.

Which structure below is unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar?

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Central vacuoles

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Lysosomes

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles. -The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Microtubules

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -RNA molecules

What is a function of plastids?

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles. -This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.

Which item below is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Which characteristic of a chloroplast makes it appear green?

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Ribosomes

Choose the most appropriate description for each item. -Nucleoli

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles. -This two-part organelle is found in the endoplasmic reticulum.