Question 1

The anterior pituitary develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary develops from the ectoderm during embryonic development. The posterior pituitary, on the other hand, develops from the neural ectoderm.

Question 2

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)is produced by the

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It is the hormone that is detected in pregnancy tests.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands initially secrete their products into a duct, which then carries the secretion to the target site. Exocrine glands secrete materials onto the outer surface of the body, into the lumen of hollow organs, and sometimes into ducts that lead to other organs. The secretory products of exocrine glands are not carried in body fluids to distant target cells, as that is a characteristic of endocrine glands.

Question 4

The following is a possible progression of which of the following disorders: Inadequate dietary iodine intake $\rarr$ low level of thyroid hormone in blood $\rarr$ increased TSH secretion $\rarr$ thyroid gland enlargement.

Accepted Answer

Inadequate dietary iodine intake leads to low levels of thyroid hormone in the blood, which triggers increased TSH secretion by the pituitary gland. This constant stimulation causes enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone, tetany is caused by low levels of calcium, Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol, and Addison's disease is caused by adrenal insufficiency, none of which are related to inadequate iodine intake.

Question 5

Leptin is a hormone produced by the

Accepted Answer

Leptin is primarily produced by adipose tissue (fat cells) in response to the amount of energy stored in the body.

Question 6

All prostaglandins are derived from a 20-carbon precursor molecule called

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are derived from a 20-carbon precursor molecule called arachidonic acid. The other options (thromboxane, intrinsic factor, thymopoietin, and cholesterol) are not precursors for prostaglandins.

Question 7

Seasonal affective disorder is due to hypersecretion of which of the following hormones by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is commonly associated with the overproduction of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness. SAD is more prevalent in geographic regions with reduced sunlight exposure during the winter months, leading to increased production of melatonin in susceptible individuals. The other hormones listed do not have a direct role in the development of SAD.

Question 8

Which of the following endocrine disorders is the individual shown in this picture suffering from?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following endocrine disorders is...

Question 9

The thyroid gland develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland develops from the endoderm during embryonic development.

Question 10

A condition characterized by excessive development of mammary glands in a male is called

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia is a condition in which there is excessive development of mammary glands in males. Acromegaly is a condition characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion, pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland, hirsutism is excessive hair growth in women, and myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism.

Question 11

Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce myxedema, a syndrome characterized by swelling, dry skin, hair loss, weight gain, and fatigue. Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excess growth hormone, Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia is low blood sugar, and Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol production.

Question 12

Two of the hallmarks of hyperparathyroidism are [dropdown 1] and [dropdown 2] .
Dropdown1 choices:
broken bones
excessive thirst
increased hair growth
myxedema
Dropdown 2 choices:
bronze skin
buffalo hump
kidney stones
rapid heart rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two of the hallmarks of hyperparathyroidism are...

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is produced by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following hormones is produced...

Question 14

Which of the following is an abnormal condition of excess androgen secretion,observed primarily in women,that is characterized by the presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excessive hair growth in a male pattern in women. It is often associated with excess androgen secretion, which can be caused by various conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or adrenal gland disorders. Acromegaly is a condition of excess growth hormone secretion, tetany is a condition of involuntary muscle contractions, gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males, and myxedema is a condition of underactive thyroid gland. None of these conditions are associated with hirsutism.

Question 15

The disorder shown in one of the identical twins seen in this figure is due to a hypersecretion of hormones by which endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

The disorder shown in one of the identical twins is most likely related to a hypersecretion of hormones by the pituitary gland, as it is the master gland that controls the secretion of hormones by most other endocrine glands in the body. The thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, and pancreas can also produce hormonally-related disorders, but they are less likely to be the cause of the disorder shown in the figure.

Question 16

Which of the following glands is NOT an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland is not an endocrine gland. It is a type of exocrine gland that secretes sebum, an oily substance, into hair follicles to lubricate and waterproof the skin. The other choices listed are all endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 17

Endocrine tissues that secrete steroid hormones are derived from

Accepted Answer

Endocrine tissues that secrete steroid hormones are derived from the mesoderm layer of the developing embryo. This includes tissues such as the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta.

Question 18

The patient shown is suffering from a disease called _____,caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The patient is suffering from acromegaly which is caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood. This leads to the enlargement of bones, tissues, and organs causing symptoms such as enlarged hands and feet, protruding jaw and forehead, and deepening of the voice. Goiter is caused by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome is caused by high levels of cortisol, and gigantism is caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during childhood.

Question 19

Hypersecretion of a hormone by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram results in a type of depression that affects some people during the winter months,when the day length is short.This condition is known as

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs in some people during the winter months when the day length is short. This is often due to hypersecretion of melatonin from the pineal gland, which affects the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and mood.

Question 20

The adrenal medulla develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla develops from the neural crest cells, which are derived from the ectoderm during embryonic development.

Quiz 18: The Endocrine System