Question 1

What structure vibrates back and forth when sound waves strike it?

Accepted Answer

The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. When sound waves strike the eardrum, it vibrates back and forth, transmitting the vibrations to the bones of the middle ear.

Question 2

Which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction?

Accepted Answer

The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) carries action potentials generated by sound transduction from the cochlea to the brain.

Question 3

Which of the types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for color vision and detecting light under bright light conditions. Rods, on the other hand, are more sensitive to dim light and are used primarily for night vision. Olfactory hair cells, ganglion neurons, and amacrine cells are not involved in detecting light rays.

Question 4

Identify the ganglion cell layer.

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Question 5

Identify the bipolar cell layer.

Accepted Answer

The bipolar cell layer is located between the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer, indicated by the arrow pointing to layer B. Layers A, C, and D are not the bipolar cell layer.

Question 6

Which labeled structure is the blind spot of the eye?

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Question 7

Identify the structure that secretes a fluid that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other.

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Question 8

Identify the sclera.

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Question 9

Which figure illustrates farsightedness before it has been corrected?

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Question 10

Which of the structures listed below converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials?

Accepted Answer

The organ of Corti is the structure within the cochlea of the ear that converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials. It contains hair cells that are sensitive to specific frequencies of sound and convert the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals that can be transmitted via the auditory nerve to the brain. The other structures listed (macula, pinna, tympanic membrane, and cupula) are either not involved in the conversion of vibrations into action potentials or are located in different parts of the ear.

Question 11

Which of the labeled papilla houses 100-300 taste buds each?
V

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Question 12

Identify the optic nerve.

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Question 13

The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is

Accepted Answer

The first step in visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is absorption of light by the photopigments, which are found in the rod and cone cells. This triggers a series of biochemical reactions leading to the interruption of the dark current, which in turn leads to the generation of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells and the transmission of visual information to the brain.

Question 14

Identify the ciliary body.

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Question 15

Identify the thin protective mucous membrane composed of stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells.

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Question 16

Identify the structure that contains aqueous humor.

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Question 17

Which darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeballs?

Accepted Answer

The choroid is a darkly pigmented structure that lines the back of the eyeball and helps reduce light reflection, preventing glare and improving visual acuity in bright light.

Question 18

Identify the choroid.

Accepted Answer

The choroid is the layer located between the retina and the sclera, and it appears as a dark, pigmented layer. In the given image, the layer labeled as E corresponds to the choroid.

Question 19

Binocular vision

Accepted Answer

Binocular vision allows for better depth perception as the brain is able to combine the slightly different images from each eye to create a 3-dimensional view of the world. While binocular vision is more developed in some species, such as humans and primates, it is not exclusively seen in these groups. Binocular vision does not necessarily provide more accurate color vision and it does not occur when one eye focuses on two separate objects.

Question 20

Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The semicircular canals sense changes in rotational acceleration of the head, as they contain fluid and sensory receptors that detect movement of the fluid when the head moves. This information is used in conjunction with other sensory input to help maintain dynamic equilibrium.

Quiz 17: The Special Senses