Question 1

During embryonic development,blood cells are formed from

Accepted Answer

Blood cells are formed from pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into any type of blood cell. These stem cells are found in the bone marrow and are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various blood cell lineages.

Question 2

Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

Accepted Answer

A blood pressure reading of 145/95 would classify the individual under stage 1 hypertension. Stage 1 hypertension is classified as having a systolic blood pressure reading between 130-139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure reading between 80-89 mmHg.

Question 3

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

Accepted Answer

The vessel labeled "C" is the left gonadal vein, which drains blood from the left gonad and empties into the left renal vein.

Question 4

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "D"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which vessel in the figure is labeled...

Question 5

Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is

Accepted Answer

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading for a young adult male is 120/80 mm Hg or lower.

Question 6

Which of the following types of blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles are the smallest arteries and regulate blood flow to capillaries. Due to their proximity to the heart and their role in regulating blood flow, arterioles have high pulsing blood pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II,which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion, resulting in lowered blood pressure.

Question 8

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circulatory route carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then returns the oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 9

What is a portal vein? Describe the hepatic portal circulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a portal vein? Describe the...

Question 10

Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

Accepted Answer

Systemic arterioles would instead vasoconstrict in response to hypovolemic shock to help maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.

Question 11

What would the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80?

Accepted Answer

Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure: 120-80 = 40. 
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated using the formula: MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3(pulse pressure). Therefore, MAP = 80 + 1/3(40) = 93.3 mmHg. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 12

During embryonic development,blood vessels are formed by

Accepted Answer

Angioblasts are undifferentiated cells that give rise to blood vessels during embryonic development.

Question 13

What is the main difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations with respect to their autoregulatory response to changes in blood O₂ level?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main difference between the...

Question 14

All of the following changes are commonly observed in the cardiovascular system in response to aging EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system undergoes several changes with aging, including decreased cardiac output, loss of cardiac muscle strength, decline in maximum heart rate, and increased systolic blood pressure. However, the compliance of the aorta actually decreases with age, making it less flexible and more stiff. Therefore, option B does not represent a commonly observed change in the cardiovascular system in response to aging.

Question 15

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "G"?

Accepted Answer

The vessel labeled G in the figure is the azygos vein, which is represented in E in the given options. The azygos vein is a large, unpaired vessel that drains the posterior thorax and abdomen and ascends on the right side of the vertebral column.

Quiz 21: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics