Question 1

A model used for planning the organization's database that identifies what kind of information is needed, what entities will be created, and how they are related to one another is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A data model is a plan that identifies what kind of information is needed, what entities will be created, and how they are related to one another in an organization's database. The other options, such as archiving model and hierarchical model, are not relevant to the creation and planning of a database. The functional model is a separate concept that describes the functions and processes required to achieve a specific goal or objective.

Question 2

In a relational database, information is organized into tables in which each row represents a(n ) ________.

Accepted Answer

Each row in a table represents a single record, with each field representing a different characteristic or attribute of that record. The primary key is a unique identifier used to distinguish between different records in the table.

Question 3

Which database resembles an organizational chart or an upside down tree, with the root record the company itself and the departments the root's child records?

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical database resembles an organizational chart or an upside down tree, with the root record representing the company, and the child records representing departments, sub-departments, and individual employees. This structure allows for efficient and easy navigation of data within the organization.

Question 4

________ is a process that refines entities and their relationships to help minimize duplication of information in tables.

Accepted Answer

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database in such a way that it reduces duplication and redundancy, resulting in improved data consistency and accuracy. It involves breaking down larger tables into smaller ones and establishing relationships between tables. This process helps to eliminate data anomalies and improve database performance.

Question 5

Which of the following is an early database approach that allowed flexible links to support M:M relationships?

Accepted Answer

The network database approach allowed for flexible links between records to support many-to-many (M:M) relationships. This was an improvement over the hierarchical database approach, which only allowed for one-to-many (1:M) relationships. The stratified and lean databases are not established database approaches.

Question 6

The database model that organizes information into tables of records that are connected to one another by linking a field in one table to a field in another table with matching data is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The description provided matches the characteristics of a relational database model, where data is organized into tables and connected through keys or fields with matching data. Hierarchical databases are organized in a tree-like structure, network databases allow for more complex relationships, and object-oriented databases store data as objects with properties and methods.

Question 7

Which process assigns incremental numbers to records as they are created to ensure that each record has a unique primary key?

Accepted Answer

Autonumbering assigns incremental numbers to records as they are created to ensure that each record has a unique primary key. This helps in avoiding duplicate records and facilitates efficient data retrieval and management.

Question 8

Aban Constructions Limited, a construction company, maintains its records in rows within tables, and the tables are interconnected by linking the matching fields. Which type of database architecture does Aban Constructions Limited use?

Accepted Answer

Aban Constructions Limited uses a relational database architecture whereby data is stored in rows within tables, and the tables are interconnected by linking the matching fields.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of normalization?

Accepted Answer

Normalization aims to minimize duplication of information by breaking down data into smaller, logical tables and establishing relationships between them. This helps to ensure data consistency and avoid data anomalies. While assigning primary keys and incremental numbers to records are aspects of normalization, they are not its primary function. Converting primary keys to foreign keys is more related to establishing relationships between tables in a database, rather than normalization itself.

Question 10

The employee database of a company needs to store the birth date of each employee. In the context of database architecture, this is an example of a ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a one-to-one relationship, where each employee has only one birth date and each birth date belongs to only one employee. It is not a one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many relationship because each employee has only one birth date and each birth date belongs to only one employee.

Question 11

Which of the following do database developers use to avoid anomalies that can happen when users try to insert, edit, or delete data?

Accepted Answer

Normalization is a process used in database design to organize tables and their relationships to minimize redundancy and dependency, which helps avoid anomalies during data operations.

Question 12

An early database approach that linked records based on graded or ranked relationships, such as that in the organizational chart, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The early database approach that linked records based on graded or ranked relationships, such as that in the organizational chart is called hierarchical database.

Question 13

What is the drawback of using Social Security Number (SSN) as the primary keys for tables of employees, hospital patients, students, and even cable TV customers?

Accepted Answer

Non-U.S. citizens may not have a SSN.

Question 14

Which of the following database architectures works well for one-to-many relationships, but is not effective with many-to-many relationships?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchical database model works well for one-to-many relationships where one record in a parent table corresponds to multiple records in a child table. However, it is not effective with many-to-many relationships where multiple records in one table can be associated with multiple records in another table, as it can lead to complex and difficult to manage data structures.

Question 15

Which database is especially used for managing web content and web-based resources?

Accepted Answer

XML database is especially used for managing web content and web-based resources. It allows for the storage and manipulation of data in XML format, which is commonly used for web-based data exchange. Relational databases are better suited for structured data, while hierarchical and object-oriented databases have more specific use cases.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most widely used database architecture?

Accepted Answer

Relational databases are by far the most widely used database architecture today. They organize data into one or more tables with columns and rows, where each table represents an entity in the real world (such as customers, orders, or products) and each row represents a specific instance of that entity. The relationships between tables are defined by primary and foreign keys, allowing for efficient querying and manipulation of data.

Question 17

Which database architecture is popularly used for organizing complex data types such as graphics and multimedia?

Accepted Answer

Object-oriented database architecture is popularly used for organizing complex data types such as graphics and multimedia. It allows for the storage of complex data types as objects, which can then be accessed and manipulated using object-oriented programming techniques. This makes it well-suited for applications that require the storage and manipulation of complex data, such as those that deal with multimedia content.

Question 18

The database management software Oracle uses which type of database architecture?

Accepted Answer

Oracle uses a relational database architecture, which organizes data into tables with unique keys and relationships between them.

Question 19

In a firm, an employee might be working on any number of projects, each of which can have any number of employees assigned to it. In the context of database architecture, this is an example of a ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

This is a many-to-many relationship because multiple employees can work on multiple projects, and each project can have multiple employees assigned to it.

Question 20

A field, or a group of fields, that makes the record unique in that table is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A primary key is a field or a group of fields that uniquely identify each record in a table. It is used to enforce data integrity and provide a way to access and manipulate data in the table. Therefore, option A is the best choice. The other options are not relevant to the concept of primary key.

Quiz 4: Managing Information Resources with Databases