Question 1

Which of the following patients are good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?
I.those with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs
II.those with severe arthritis or neuromuscular abnormalities
III.those with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea
IV.those with moderate to severe obstructive lung disease

Accepted Answer

Patients with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea and moderate to severe obstructive lung disease are good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs and severe arthritis or neuromuscular abnormalities may not benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation.

Question 2

A patient in your pulmonary rehabilitation program has an orthopedic disability that precludes her from walking or using a stationary bicycle. Which of the following activities would you recommend to help recondition the lower extremities?

Accepted Answer

Aquatic exercises can provide a low-impact and buoyant environment for reconditioning the lower extremities without putting weight on the affected joints or bones. This can include exercises such as leg lifts, marching in place, or using resistance bands to work the legs. Rowing machines may still put strain on the lower body, calisthenic exercises may not provide enough resistance, and a treadmill would be difficult if the patient cannot walk or bear weight on their lower extremities.

Question 3

While you are assisting in a treadmill cardiopulmonary stress test procedure, the patient complains to you of severe shortness of breath and some chest pain. Which of the following actions would you recommend at this time?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing symptoms of a medical emergency, and the safest course of action is to terminate the procedure immediately and seek medical attention. Increasing the O2 flow rate or adjusting the treadmill settings may not address the underlying issue and may actually worsen the patient's condition.

Question 4

Under which of the following conditions would you recommend ending a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation? I.electrocardiogram indicating supraventricular tachycardia II.10% fall from baseline oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) saturation III.fall in systolic blood pressure of more than 20 mm Hg IV.request from the patient to terminate the test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under which of the following conditions would...

Question 5

Absolute contraindications for conducting a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The absolute contraindications for conducting a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation include serious cardiac arrhythmias, unstable angina, and recent myocardial infarction. However, a diastolic blood pressure greater than 110 mm Hg is not an absolute contraindication, but it may be a relative contraindication and should be taken into consideration when evaluating the individual's overall health and fitness level.

Question 6

Which of the following measures during cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation are most useful in differentiating between exercise intolerance of cardiac versus ventilatory origin? I.maximum heart rate II. $\dot { V }$ O_2max III.PaCO₂ IV.PaO₂

Accepted Answer

PaCO2 and PaO2 are useful in differentiating between cardiac and ventilatory causes of exercise intolerance, as they provide information about gas exchange and ventilation efficiency.

Question 7

What are some relative contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise testing? I.severe pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale II.known electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia)III.SaO₂ or SpO₂ less than 85% breathing room air IV.untreated or unstable asthma

Accepted Answer

I, II, III, and IV are all considered relative contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Severe pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale, known electrolyte disturbances, very low oxygen saturation, and untreated or unstable asthma can all increase the risk of adverse events during the test.

Question 8

The $\dot { V }$ O_2max at termination of exercise (as a percentage of the predicted) for five patients appears below. Which of these patients is the best candidate for pulmonary rehabilitation? $\begin{array}{ll} \dot{V}&\mathrm{O}_{2 \max } \text { (predicted) }\ \text { A. } & 65 \% \ \text { B. } & 80 \% \ \text { C. } & 90 \% \ \text { D. } & 95 \% \end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The answer of The $\dot { V }$ O_2max at...

Question 9

Below what level of the predicted FEV₁/FVC are patients with irreversible airway obstruction considered good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?

Accepted Answer

Patients with irreversible airway obstruction are considered good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation when their predicted FEV1/FVC is below 60%. This criterion helps identify individuals who may benefit from structured exercise and education programs to improve their respiratory function and quality of life.

Question 10

To increase the likelihood that positive patient results are lasting, what must pulmonary rehabilitation programs provide?

Accepted Answer

Periodic follow-up and reinforcement are essential in ensuring that positive patient results are lasting. This allows healthcare professionals to identify any potential setbacks or issues and adjust the rehabilitation program accordingly. Vocational and social counseling can also be beneficial, but they are not necessary to increase the likelihood of lasting positive results. Staff training in rehabilitation methods is important but does not guarantee lasting results. Financial support for rehospitalization is not directly related to the patient's long-term results.

Question 11

Which of the following patients with irreversible airway obstruction are the best candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Patient } & \text { FEV } _ { 1 } & \text { FEV } / \text { FVC } \
\hline \text { I. } & \text { A } & 3.2 \mathrm {~L} & 65 \% \
\hline \text { II. } & \text { B } & 1.6 \mathrm {~L} & 67 \% \
\hline \text { III. } & \text { C } & 2.3 \mathrm {~L} & 53 \% \
\hline \text { IV. } & \text { D } & 3.1 \mathrm {~L} & 72 \% \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

Patients II and III are the best candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation because they have evidence of irreversible airway obstruction, indicated by a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio (less than 70%), and could potentially benefit the most from rehabilitation efforts to improve their quality of life and functional status.

Question 12

In preparing an outpatient for a cardiopulmonary stress test to be conducted the next day, which of the following instructions would you provide?
I .The patient should fast for at least 8 hours before testing.
II.The patient should wear loose-fitting clothing and sneakers.
III.The patient should stop all medications at once.
IV.The patient should review the drugs with the physician.

Accepted Answer

I. Fasting for at least 8 hours before testing is necessary because a meal shortly before the test can increase the risk of nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal upset.
II. Loose-fitting clothing and sneakers are recommended to allow unrestricted movement during the test.
IV. Reviewing the drugs with the physician is crucial because some medications may need to be adjusted or discontinued before the test to ensure accurate results. Stopping all medications at once (III) is not recommended without consulting a physician, as some medications should not be stopped abruptly.

Question 13

Which of the following patients are NOT good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?
I.unstable cardiovascular patients who require monitoring
II.patients with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea
III.patients with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs

Accepted Answer

Patients with unstable cardiovascular conditions require monitoring, and patients with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs may not be able to participate in pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea can still participate in pulmonary rehabilitation as the program can be tailored to their individual needs and limitations.

Question 14

The physical reconditioning component of a pulmonary rehabilitation program usually includes which of the following?
I.aerobic exercises for the extremities
II.timed walking exercise
III.ventilatory muscle training

Accepted Answer

The physical reconditioning component of pulmonary rehabilitation typically includes aerobic exercises for the extremities, timed walking exercises, and ventilatory muscle training. Therefore, the best choice is A, which includes all three options.

Question 15

All of the following should be monitored during a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation except:

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed except for D should be monitored during a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation. Respiratory rate, HbO2 saturation, ECG, blood pressure, and FEV1 and FVC should all be monitored in order to assess the patient's cardiovascular and pulmonary function during exercise.

Question 16

Which of the following pulmonary function tests are most useful in determining whether a patient with restrictive lung disease should be considered for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.DLCO II.total lung capacity (TLC)III.FEV₁/FVC

Accepted Answer

DLCO (Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide) and total lung capacity (TLC) are most useful in determining the severity of restrictive lung disease and whether a patient should be considered for pulmonary rehabilitation. FEV1/FVC ratio is more relevant in diagnosing and assessing obstructive lung diseases.

Question 17

Which of the following patients would benefit least from pulmonary rehabilitation?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary rehabilitation focuses on improving lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic lung diseases. However, patients with malignant lung cancer may not be able to participate in pulmonary rehabilitation due to their cancer treatment or other medical conditions that prevent them from exercising. Therefore, they may benefit the least from pulmonary rehabilitation compared to patients with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, or pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 18

Which of the following exercises are useful for reconditioning the lower extremities of patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation?
I.walking on a flat surface for a specified period of time
II.walking on a treadmill for a specified distance or time
III.pedaling a stationary bicycle for a specified distance

Accepted Answer

All three exercises (walking on a flat surface, walking on a treadmill, and pedaling a stationary bicycle) are beneficial for reconditioning the lower extremities in patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation, as they help improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and endurance.

Question 19

For which of the following patients would you recommend an open-ended format for a pulmonary rehabilitation program?
I.those with scheduling difficulties
II.those who require individual attention
III.those who are self-directed

Accepted Answer

An open-ended format for a pulmonary rehabilitation program is beneficial for patients with scheduling difficulties (I), as it allows for more flexibility. It is also suitable for those who require individual attention (II), as it can cater to specific needs and adjustments. Additionally, self-directed patients (III) can benefit from this format as it allows them to progress at their own pace and according to their own goals.

Question 20

To maximize patient safety during cardiopulmonary stress testing, which of the following precautions would you recommend?
I.immediate availability of a crash cart
II.staff training in emergency life support
III.presence of a physician throughout testing
IV.patient physical exam or ECG before testing

Accepted Answer

To maximize patient safety during cardiopulmonary stress testing, it is essential to have immediate access to a crash cart (I) in case of a cardiac emergency, ensure that staff are trained in emergency life support (II) to respond effectively to any incidents, have a physician present throughout testing (III) for immediate medical decision-making, and conduct a patient physical exam or ECG before testing (IV) to identify any pre-existing conditions that could increase the risk of complications during the test.

Quiz 50: Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

A patient in your pulmonary rehabilitation program has an orthopedic disability that precludes her from walking or using a stationary bicycle. Which of the following activities would you recommend to help recondition the lower extremities?

While you are assisting in a treadmill cardiopulmonary stress test procedure, the patient complains to you of severe shortness of breath and some chest pain. Which of the following actions would you recommend at this time?

Absolute contraindications for conducting a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation include all of the following except:

Which of the following measures during cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation are most useful in differentiating between exercise intolerance of cardiac versus ventilatory origin? I.maximum heart rate II. $\dot { V }$ O_2max III.PaCO₂ IV.PaO₂

What are some relative contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise testing? I.severe pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale II.known electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia) III.SaO₂ or SpO₂ less than 85% breathing room air IV.untreated or unstable asthma

Below what level of the predicted FEV₁/FVC are patients with irreversible airway obstruction considered good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?

To increase the likelihood that positive patient results are lasting, what must pulmonary rehabilitation programs provide?

Which of the following patients are NOT good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.unstable cardiovascular patients who require monitoring II.patients with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea III.patients with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs

The physical reconditioning component of a pulmonary rehabilitation program usually includes which of the following? I.aerobic exercises for the extremities II.timed walking exercise III.ventilatory muscle training

All of the following should be monitored during a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation except:

Which of the following pulmonary function tests are most useful in determining whether a patient with restrictive lung disease should be considered for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.DLCO II.total lung capacity (TLC) III.FEV₁/FVC

Which of the following patients would benefit least from pulmonary rehabilitation?

For which of the following patients would you recommend an open-ended format for a pulmonary rehabilitation program? I.those with scheduling difficulties II.those who require individual attention III.those who are self-directed

To maximize patient safety during cardiopulmonary stress testing, which of the following precautions would you recommend? I.immediate availability of a crash cart II.staff training in emergency life support III.presence of a physician throughout testing IV.patient physical exam or ECG before testing

Quiz 50: Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

A patient in your pulmonary rehabilitation program has an orthopedic disability that precludes her from walking or using a stationary bicycle. Which of the following activities would you recommend to help recondition the lower extremities?

While you are assisting in a treadmill cardiopulmonary stress test procedure, the patient complains to you of severe shortness of breath and some chest pain. Which of the following actions would you recommend at this time?

Absolute contraindications for conducting a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation include all of the following except:

Which of the following measures during cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation are most useful in differentiating between exercise intolerance of cardiac versus ventilatory origin? I.maximum heart rate II. V˙\dot { V }V˙ O2max III.PaCO2 IV.PaO2

What are some relative contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise testing? I.severe pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale II.known electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia) III.SaO2 or SpO2 less than 85% breathing room air IV.untreated or unstable asthma

Below what level of the predicted FEV1/FVC are patients with irreversible airway obstruction considered good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?

To increase the likelihood that positive patient results are lasting, what must pulmonary rehabilitation programs provide?

Which of the following patients are NOT good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.unstable cardiovascular patients who require monitoring II.patients with exercise limitations due to severe dyspnea III.patients with malignant neoplasms involving the lungs

The physical reconditioning component of a pulmonary rehabilitation program usually includes which of the following? I.aerobic exercises for the extremities II.timed walking exercise III.ventilatory muscle training

All of the following should be monitored during a cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation except:

Which of the following pulmonary function tests are most useful in determining whether a patient with restrictive lung disease should be considered for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.DLCO II.total lung capacity (TLC) III.FEV1/FVC

Which of the following patients would benefit least from pulmonary rehabilitation?

For which of the following patients would you recommend an open-ended format for a pulmonary rehabilitation program? I.those with scheduling difficulties II.those who require individual attention III.those who are self-directed

Which of the following measures during cardiopulmonary exercise evaluation are most useful in differentiating between exercise intolerance of cardiac versus ventilatory origin? I.maximum heart rate II. $\dot { V }$ O_2max III.PaCO₂ IV.PaO₂

What are some relative contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise testing? I.severe pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale II.known electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia) III.SaO₂ or SpO₂ less than 85% breathing room air IV.untreated or unstable asthma

Below what level of the predicted FEV₁/FVC are patients with irreversible airway obstruction considered good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation?

Which of the following pulmonary function tests are most useful in determining whether a patient with restrictive lung disease should be considered for pulmonary rehabilitation? I.DLCO II.total lung capacity (TLC) III.FEV₁/FVC