Question 1

Conflicts over toilet training, and other attempts by a two-year-old to exert control over his or her environment, are most evident during the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

Conflicts over toilet training and attempts to control the environment are most evident during the anal stage of psychosexual development, which occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years old. This stage is characterized by a focus on bowel and bladder control, and children may become fixated on this area and exhibit behaviors such as holding onto or releasing stool as a way to exert control over their bodies and environment.

Question 2

Rationalisation involves

Accepted Answer

Rationalisation involves providing reasonable-sounding explanations for unreasonable behaviours or failures. It is a defense mechanism that helps individuals cope with disappointment, failure or anxiety by making it appear less threatening to the self. This can take the form of justifications, excuses, or attributions of external causes to what really are personal problems.

Question 3

Oscar redirects his aggressive urges to beat up and dominate others into a lucrative career as a professional boxer. This is an example of what Freudian defence mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation. This mechanism involves channeling socially unacceptable impulses or energies into more acceptable pursuits or activities, such as transforming aggressive impulses into a successful career in boxing.

Question 4

Clyde is a 30-month-old toddler who is in the middle of potty training. According to Freud, Clyde is in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clyde is a 30-month-old toddler who is...

Question 5

In one of Aesop's fables, a fox is unable to obtain some grapes that he truly wishes to have. However, after failing to obtain them, he downplays their importance. This behaviour is most consistent with the defence mechanism of ________.

Accepted Answer

The fox in the fable is rationalizing his inability to obtain the grapes by downplaying their importance, which is a characteristic behavior of the defence mechanism of rationalization.

Question 6

The main conflict of the anal stage comes from ________.

Accepted Answer

The anal stage (ages 1-3) in Freud's theory of psychosexual development is marked by the child's focus on their anal region and the ability to control their bodily functions. The main conflict in this stage arises from toilet training, as the child learns to control their bowel and bladder movements. The success or failure of this training can have long-term effects on the individual's personality development. The other options, such as the Oedipal complex, weaning off the breast or bottle, and sexual repression, are relevant to other stages of psychosexual development.

Question 7

The Freudian defence mechanism of ________ involves the motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Freudian defence mechanism of ________ involves...

Question 8

You notice your classmate Hannah chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final. Which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?

Accepted Answer

Chewing on objects such as a pencil is a typical behavior associated with the oral stage of psychosexual development, which occurs from birth to 18 months. If this stage is not resolved properly, individuals may exhibit behaviors such as smoking, overeating, or biting their nails in later stages of life. Therefore, Hannah's behavior suggests that she may not have developed past the oral stage.

Question 9

Shyanne is a toll-booth operator. At least once every hour, she typically has an encounter with a motorist who berates and belittles her because they are upset about traffic, they don't have enough change, or they are just unhappy that day. As a result, when she gets home Shyanne often yells at her roommates and slams cabinet doors closed when she can't find what she wants. She is displaying classic symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Shyanne is displacing her frustration and anger from the motorists onto her innocent roommates by yelling and slamming cabinet doors. Displacement is a defense mechanism in which an individual directs their negative feelings onto a less threatening target.

Question 10

A newborn baby is in what stage of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

The oral stage is the first stage of psychosexual development and it occurs from birth to around 18 months of age. During this stage, the baby's pleasure centers are focused on the mouth, as sucking and feeding are the primary sources of pleasure and gratification.

Question 11

According to Freud, habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the oral stage (age 0-1) is the first stage of psychosexual development, where the focus of pleasure is on the mouth. If a child experiences a fixated oral stage, it may lead to habits such as smoking or overeating in later life.

Question 12

Stewie has developed strong feelings for his mother and views his father as a rival for her attention. However, he is afraid that his father will find out and interfere with these plans. Stewie is clearly immersed in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Stewie's feelings for his mother and jealousy towards his father indicate that he is in the phallic stage of psychosexual development, according to Freud's theory. In this stage, children typically experience an Oedipus or Electra complex, where they feel attraction towards the opposite-sex parent and view the same-sex parent as a rival. These feelings are eventually resolved through identification with the same-sex parent.

Question 13

Categorise the similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic, behavioural, and humanistic perspectives on personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Categorise the similarities and differences between the...

Question 14

The Oedipus (or Electra)complex is most likely experienced in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus (or Electra) complex is a psychoanalytic theory that suggests that children experience sexual desires towards their opposite-sex parent and view their same-sex parent as a rival. This is believed to occur during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, which occurs between the ages of 3 and 6 years. In this stage, children become aware of their genitals and focus on the differences between males and females.

Question 15

Jayne is a 26-month-old toddler. She is most likely in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Jayne is most likely in the anal stage of development, which occurs between 18 months and 3 years old. During this stage, children focus on the pleasure and control associated with bowel movements, which is reflected in their behavior and personality traits.

Question 16

Ethan and Eva are fraternal twins who were born about two months ago. According to Freud's theory of personality development, they will experience the Oedipus and Electra complex respectively during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethan and Eva are fraternal twins who...

Question 17

After a day when all of his students complained about the way he graded their assignments, his boss doubled his workload, and he got a speeding ticket on his way home, Nick yelled at his wife for leaving her toothbrush on the bathroom counter. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism where negative emotions are redirected from the original source to a safer target. Nick redirected his frustration from his students, boss, and the speeding ticket to his wife.

Question 18

Emilio had an important presentation at work that did not go well. As a result, he spent nearly two and a half hours getting scolded and reprimanded by his immediate boss and the company owner. After getting home, he yelled at his children to "clean up this mess" after they left a couple of toys in the living room. Emilio has engaged the defence mechanism of ________ to attempt to relieve his stress and anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emilio had an important presentation at work...

Question 19

Eila is a 16-year-old girl. Her mum just got remarried to Brett, a strikingly handsome and very kind man. Recently, Eila has begun to taunt Brett about his physique and even tells her mum that she can't stand him. What defence mechanism is she exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

Eila is exhibiting the defence mechanism of reaction-formation, which is when a person expresses an emotion or behaviour that is the opposite of what they truly feel. In this case, Eila may feel uncomfortable or threatened by Brett's presence in her life, but is expressing this discomfort through taunting and negative comments towards him, which are the opposite of kindness and admiration.

Question 20

Which order is correct for Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

Accepted Answer

This is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development, starting with the oral stage during infancy, followed by the anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and finally the genital stage.

Quiz 15: Personality