Question 1

A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration.The patient complains of chronic diarrhea.The nurse notes a 15-pound weight loss over a 4-week period.The most likely explanation for the patient's condition is:

Accepted Answer

Chronic diarrhea and weight loss in a patient with HIV is often caused by AIDS enteropathy, which is a condition that affects the lining of the intestines and impairs nutrient absorption. Thrush, herpes simplex virus, and lipodystrophy are unlikely to be the primary cause of these symptoms.

Question 2

Disclosure refers to:

Accepted Answer

Disclosure refers to a patient's right to be fully informed of a treatment's benefits and risks in a fair and honest manner. This includes providing the patient with all relevant information needed to make an informed decision about their care.

Question 3

Cancer patients exhibit an increased rate of protein turnover.The nurse understands that this means patients:

Accepted Answer

Increased protein turnover in cancer patients means that they are breaking down and synthesizing proteins at a higher rate than normal. This can lead to muscle wasting and weight loss, making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy body weight. Therefore, option A is the best choice. The other options are not relevant to the given scenario.

Question 4

In order to increase Ms.Arther's protein intake, you suggest that she use _____ freely.

Accepted Answer

Cheese is a good source of protein and can be easily added to meals as a topping or ingredient. Fruit spreads, mayonnaise, and butter are not good sources of protein and may actually contain high amounts of fat or sugar.

Question 5

A female cancer patient tells the nurse that she has begun taking St.John's wort in conjunction with her cancer therapy.The nurse should respond by saying:

Accepted Answer

It is important for the nurse to inform the patient that St.John's wort may reduce the effectiveness of her cancer therapy. This is because St.John's wort can interact with certain medications, including those used in cancer therapy, and decrease their effectiveness. The nurse should encourage the patient to speak with her healthcare provider before taking any herbal supplements. Choices A and B do not address the potential interaction between St.John's wort and cancer therapy, and choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to support the claim that St.John's wort can cure cancer.

Question 6

A patient's right to make decisions concerning his or her own well-being is called:

Accepted Answer

Patient autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own decisions regarding their medical care and well-being. This includes the right to refuse treatment or choose alternative treatments. The other options are related concepts of medical ethics, but do not specifically refer to a patient's right to make decisions.

Question 7

The nurse is working with a client admitted to the hospital with complaints of loss of appetite and weight loss.An assessment of the client also reveals depletion of lean body mass and serum protein.The nurse accurately recognizes these as characteristics of:

Accepted Answer

Loss of appetite, weight loss, depletion of lean body mass, and serum protein are all characteristics of cancer cachexia, a syndrome commonly seen in advanced cancer patients. Tissue rejection, human immunodeficiency virus, and thrush do not typically present with these symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following nutrition interventions is most appropriate for a patient who complains that food doesn't taste right?

Accepted Answer

Consuming foods at room temperature or chilled can help improve the taste for someone who experiences taste changes. Heat can alter the taste of food, so avoiding hot foods may also help.

Question 9

The primary focus of nutrition care for Ms.Arther is:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring appropriate intakes of calories and protein is crucial for individuals undergoing cancer treatment, as they may experience weight loss or loss of muscle mass. This can lead to reduced treatment tolerance and lower quality of life. While preventing the recurrence of cancer and ensuring adequate intake of vitamins and minerals are important aspects of nutrition care, they may not be the primary focus for every individual undergoing cancer treatment. Preventing iron-deficiency anemia may also be important, but this is not mentioned as a specific concern for Ms. Arther in the given information.

Question 10

To minimize the risk of food-borne bacterial infections in a cancer client who has received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the nurse would tell the client to:

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at a higher risk of developing food-borne bacterial infections due to weakened immunity. Cooking all meats, poultry, and eggs until they are well done can help reduce the risk of bacterial infections. Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables is important for overall health but does not necessarily reduce the risk of bacterial infections. Increasing consumption of dishes that use ground meats may increase the risk of bacterial infections if the meat is not cooked well done. Consuming lactose-free, low-residue, low-fat liquids is not specifically related to reducing the risk of food-borne bacterial infections.

Question 11

The nurse understands that methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer and that it can cause a patient to become deficient in:

Accepted Answer

Methotrexate works by inhibiting folate metabolism, which can lead to folate deficiency.

Question 12

Which of the following legal documents allows a competent adult to clearly express directions regarding medical treatment in the event that the person is unable to make the necessary decisions at that time?

Accepted Answer

A living will is a legal document that allows a competent adult to clearly express directions regarding medical treatment in the event that the person is unable to make the necessary decisions at that time. A living trust is a legal document that holds assets for the benefit of a person or organization. A power of attorney is a legal document that designates a person to act on behalf of another person. A medical record is a document that contains information about a person's medical history and treatment.

Question 13

Mrs.Dwyer is a 48-year-old patient who is undergoing radiation therapy for uterine cancer.She complains of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and has experienced significant weight loss.The nurse recognizes that the likely cause of this is:

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss are consistent with radiation enteritis, which is inflammation of the bowel that can occur as a side effect of radiation therapy. Tissue rejection and mental stress are not likely causes of these symptoms. Steatorrhea, which is the presence of fat in the stool, may occur as a result of malabsorption but is not typically associated with radiation enteritis.

Question 14

Bobby is a 25-year-old client with HIV infection who is experiencing weight loss and a loss of lean body mass.He currently weighs 160 pounds.The nurse suggests that his diet include at least _____ grams of protein per day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bobby is a 25-year-old client with HIV...

Question 15

An individual who does not wish to receive CPR if she has a heart attack in the hospital should request a:

Accepted Answer

A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order is a medical order that instructs healthcare providers not to perform CPR or other life-saving measures in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest. It is the appropriate choice for an individual who does not wish to receive CPR if she has a heart attack in the hospital. A living will and power of attorney are legal documents that address end-of-life decisions and medical treatment preferences, but they do not specifically address CPR or resuscitation. A disclosure document is not relevant in this context.

Question 16

The nurse is teaching a class on cancer prevention.Someone in the audience asks if one's diet affects his or her risk of developing cancer.The nurse makes the following statements.Which one is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Dairy foods have not been implicated in many types of cancer. In fact, some research suggests that dairy foods may even have a protective effect against colorectal cancer. However, excessive intake of dairy foods high in saturated fat may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Question 17

Mrs.Watson is a 55-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer.To reduce Mrs.Watson's risk of breast cancer, the nurse advises her to:

Accepted Answer

Avoiding alcohol and maintaining a healthy weight are the most effective ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Calcium supplements and reducing red meat intake have some possible benefits but are not as strongly linked to breast cancer prevention. Drinking red wine, even in moderation, has not been shown to reduce breast cancer risk.

Question 18

A durable power of attorney is used to:

Accepted Answer

A durable power of attorney is a legal document that appoints someone to make decisions on behalf of the person creating the document, known as the principal. In the healthcare field, this is typically used to appoint a healthcare agent who can make medical decisions on behalf of the principal if they are unable to do so themselves. Options A, C, and D all relate to specific medical decisions or procedures, but are not the primary purpose of a durable power of attorney.

Question 19

The nurse is working with a cancer client who needs to add kcalories and protein to his diet.The best advice the nurse could offer would be to suggest that he:

Accepted Answer

Adding butter, margarine, and milk powder to foods increases both calorie and protein intake, which is beneficial for a cancer patient needing to boost these nutrients.

Question 20

For a patient with chronic radiation enteritis, the nurse recognizes that the best form of nutrition support is:

Accepted Answer

Parenteral nutrition is often recommended for patients with chronic radiation enteritis when the gastrointestinal tract is not functioning properly, as it bypasses the gut and provides nutrition intravenously.

Quiz 23: Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection