Question 1

In the late 1940s and with the concurrence of Britain,the Afrikaner government of South Africa instituted its racial policy of:

Accepted Answer

In the late 1940s, the Afrikaner government of South Africa enacted a policy of apartheid. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in which non-white minorities were marginalized and excluded from participating in political, economic, and social life. This policy was supported by Britain at the time.

Question 2

Communism spread throughout Eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II and Soviet occupation,but communism also took control of _________ in the 1940s through revolution.

Accepted Answer

China underwent a communist revolution led by Mao Zedong in the 1940s, establishing the People's Republic of China in 1949. While Soviet influence played a role in the spread of communism throughout Eastern Europe, the revolution in China was a separate and significant event in the history of communism.

Question 3

After coming to power in 1956 and nationalizing the Suez Canal,Gamel Abdul Nasser used the money raised from operating the canal to fund a project,the _________,to further bolster Egyptian national pride and economy.

Accepted Answer

The Aswan Dam project was a massive construction project undertaken by Nasser to build a dam on the Nile River in southern Egypt. The dam was intended to provide irrigation and hydroelectric power to Egypt, as well as to control flooding of the Nile. The project was also seen as a symbol of Egyptian national pride and strength.

Question 4

Jean-Paul Sartre was the leading proponent of the twentieth-century philosophy of existentialism,which held that:

Accepted Answer

Jean-Paul Sartre believed that existence precedes essence, which means that a person's actions and choices determine their identity and essence, rather than having a predetermined essence or nature. This idea is a key component of existentialism, which emphasizes individual freedom and responsibility.

Question 5

The leading feminist theorist of the mid-twentieth century,Simone de Beauvoir,wrote in The Second Sex that:

Accepted Answer

Simone de Beauvoir's famous quote "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman" challenges the idea that gender is solely determined by biology. She believed that gender roles and expectations were imposed by society and that individuals had the power to reject or challenge them. This is a central tenet of feminist theory and has influenced feminist movements ever since. Options A, B, C, and E are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect de Beauvoir's views on gender and the relationship between men and women.

Question 6

The tenets of Marxism called for a revolution by the proletariat,the industrial workers,but China in the 1940s was a nation of peasants,so an adaptation of Marxism was provided by:

Accepted Answer

Mao Zedong provided an adaptation of Marxism that focused on mobilizing the peasants as a revolutionary force instead of the industrial workers, which was more applicable to the situation in China in the 1940s. This adaptation became known as Maoism.

Question 7

The French appeared to have won a colonial war in Vietnam in 1951,but rather than begin peace talks and arrive at depolarization on favorable terms,they fought on and eventually lost everything at the battle of:

Accepted Answer

The battle of Dien Bien Phu, which took place in 1954, was a major turning point in the First Indochina War. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Viet Minh were able to use guerrilla tactics and modern weapons to defeat the French army, leading to the end of French colonial rule in Vietnam. Choosing options A, B, D, or E is incorrect as they are not relevant to the question.

Question 8

The postwar world faced the moral dilemmas of war,occupation,and resistance,all of which found an expression in the _________ of the period.

Accepted Answer

Literature is often used as a medium to explore and address moral dilemmas, making it a likely choice to express the issues of war, occupation, and resistance in the postwar world.

Question 9

One of the most promising of the newly independent African nations,Ghana,soon fell victim to corruption with its first president:

Accepted Answer

Ghana's first president was Kwame Nkrumah, who initially led a successful anti-colonial struggle for independence. However, Nkrumah's government eventually became increasingly authoritarian and corrupt, with the president consolidating power and stifling opposition. His economic policies also proved disastrous for the country, with large-scale public spending and nationalization leading to a decline in GDP and increased debt. Nkrumah was eventually overthrown in a military coup in 1966, and Ghana's political and economic fortunes continued to fluctuate in the years that followed.

Question 10

Even with Nikita Khrushchev's desire to improve relations with the West and reduce tensions,military events occasionally escalated almost to the point of war,as in 1962,when:

Accepted Answer

The Soviet Union attempted to install intermediate-range ballistic missiles and other offensive military equipment in Cuba, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Question 11

The British had been in political control of Palestine since World War I,but promised a portion of the land as a Jewish homeland with its 1917:

Accepted Answer

The Balfour Declaration, issued by the British government in 1917, promised to support the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. This declaration was a significant factor in the eventual creation of the state of Israel.

Question 12

For the most part,when the European colonial powers left Africa,their legacy was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the most part,when the European colonial...

Question 13

The British system of social welfare was grounded in the economic theories of:

Accepted Answer

The British system of social welfare was grounded in the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes, who argued for government intervention in the economy to promote full employment and stabilize prices. This approach, known as Keynesian economics, influenced the creation of the British welfare state following World War II.

Question 14

The British encouraged the creation of a federated state for its African colony of _________,but it rapidly disintegrated along racial lines into separate states.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the British colony of Rhodesia, which was encouraged to become a federated state but ultimately disintegrated into separate states along racial lines. Malawi, Natal, Uganda, and Tanzania were all British African colonies but did not experience the same situation as Rhodesia.

Question 15

The modern welfare state was a creation of the post-World War II economic boom and was first instituted in Great Britain under the Labor party prime minister:

Accepted Answer

The modern welfare state was first instituted in Great Britain by the Labor party prime minister Clement Atlee. Atlee's government created the National Health Service, extended social insurance programs, and introduced policies to tackle poverty and unemployment. Churchill, Lloyd George, Chamberlain, and Eden were all prime ministers before Atlee and did not create the modern welfare state.

Question 16

The great nationalist and follower of a philosophy of nonviolence,Mohandas K.Gandhi,led his country,_________ ,into independence.

Accepted Answer

Gandhi was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, and his nonviolent resistance strategies played a key role in achieving independence from British rule in 1947.

Question 17

Having been successful in their attempts to seize power in many places in the years following World War II,the communists continued pressing open warfare in many countries such as:

Accepted Answer

- The communist forces, backed by the Soviet Union and China, attempted to take over South Korea in 1950, triggering the Korean War.
- In Cambodia, the communist Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, seized power in 1975 and established a brutal regime that killed an estimated 1.7 million people.
- In Burma (now Myanmar), various communist insurgent groups fought against the government in the Cold War era, with the main insurgency led by the Communist Party of Burma lasting from the 1940s to the 1980s.

Question 18

Many Western intellectuals sought to revive humanism and democratic values after the horrors of World War II; a group of writers,one of them being _________,pointed out that colonialism made their task ever more difficult.

Accepted Answer

Franz Fanon was a prominent writer and intellectual who explored the effects of colonialism on both the colonizers and the colonized. He argued that colonialism not only oppressed and exploited native peoples, but also distorted the minds and values of those who engaged in it. His work can be seen as a critique of the Western humanist and democratic traditions, which he viewed as complicit in perpetuating colonialist power structures. Thus, it makes sense that he would argue that reviving humanism and democratic values in the post-WWII era would be difficult in light of ongoing colonialism.

Question 19

Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French,the war in Algeria was much harder since it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerrilla war in the countryside,a war of terror fought in Algeria's cities,and a war:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although the war in Indochina was hard...

Question 20

The German who succeeded Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany was:

Accepted Answer

Konrad Adenauer succeeded Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany in 1949, after World War II.

Quiz 27: The Cold War World: Global Politics,economic Recovery,and Cultural Change