Question 1

Smith,Glass,and Miller 1980)conducted a meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies and found that ________________treatments had the largest effect sizes.

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980), cognitive-behavioural treatments had the largest effect sizes in treatment outcome studies.

Question 2

Focusing on enhancing patient self-awareness and understanding of their problems works best for patients who ________,whereas patients who ________ respond best to a focus on symptom alleviation.

Accepted Answer

Patients who have an internalizing style tend to focus on their thoughts and emotions and benefit more from self-awareness and understanding of their problems. Conversely, those with an externalizing style tend to focus on their behaviors and respond best to symptom alleviation.

Question 3

Lester Luborsky and colleagues have conducted literature reviews of psychotherapy effectiveness and have concluded that

Accepted Answer

Lester Luborsky and colleagues are known for their work on the "Dodo bird verdict," which suggests that all psychotherapies are roughly equally effective, supporting the idea that common factors across therapies contribute to their effectiveness.

Question 4

One of the problems in interpreting the research on the alliance-outcome link is the importance of not inferring

Accepted Answer

The problem in interpreting research on the alliance-outcome link is not inferring causation from correlation. This is because causation cannot be inferred solely from correlation, and there could be other confounding factors that influence the relationship between the alliance and the outcome.

Question 5

Lambert and Ogles 2004)categorized the most commonly suggested common factors in psychotherapy into the following main dimensions:

Accepted Answer

Lambert and Ogles (2004) categorized the most commonly suggested common factors in psychotherapy into three main dimensions: support, learning, and action factors. These dimensions encompass the broad range of therapeutic elements that contribute to the effectiveness of psychotherapy across different approaches.

Question 6

Which of the hypothesized common factors in psychotherapy has received the most research attention?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic alliance, which refers to the relationship between client and therapist, has received the most research attention as a common factor in psychotherapy. Numerous studies have found a strong correlation between a positive therapeutic alliance and better therapy outcomes across various types of therapy and presenting concerns.

Question 7

Bruce Wampold has been a vocal proponent

Accepted Answer

Bruce Wampold has been a vocal proponent of the psychotherapy equivalence position, which argues that different forms of psychotherapy are equally effective in treating mental health problems. He has conducted extensive research supporting this position and has authored several books on the topic.

Question 8

Which of the following therapeutic elements would be considered a common factor to several psychotherapeutic approaches?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic alliance, or the relationship between the therapist and client, has been found to be a common factor in several psychotherapeutic approaches, regardless of the specific techniques or theories used. Research has consistently shown that a positive and collaborative therapeutic relationship improves treatment outcomes across different therapeutic modalities.

Question 9

What was Rosenzweig's 1936)assertion regarding the various types of therapies that were available to clinicians at the time?

Accepted Answer

Rosenzweig (1936) suggested that different therapeutic approaches tend to be equally effective, a notion that later influenced the development of the "common factors" theory in psychotherapy. This theory posits that different therapies share core elements that are responsible for their effectiveness, rather than specific techniques unique to each therapy.

Question 10

Smith et al.1980)conducted analyses on data from 56 comparative outcome studies of the behavioural and verbal classes of treatment and found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Smith et al.1980)conducted analyses on data from...

Question 11

Studies that have controlled for the effects of early improvement have found that early therapeutic alliance

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that even when controlling for early improvement, the therapeutic alliance still significantly predicts treatment outcome. This suggests that the strength of the alliance with the therapist is a crucial factor in the success of therapy.

Question 12

Weinberger's 1995)review of the literature on common factors found that

Accepted Answer

Weinberger's review found that there was little agreement on what the common factors actually are.

Question 13

A design in which the differential impacts of at least two treatments are compared,and a no-treatment control group may or may not be included is known as an)

Accepted Answer

A comparative treatment study compares at least two treatments and may or may not include a no-treatment control group. This type of design allows for examining differential impacts between treatments. While mixed designs can also compare treatments, they typically include other variables such as pre- and post-treatment measures, and are not solely focused on comparing treatments. Higher-order treatment outcome studies and effectiveness trials are not specific designs for comparing treatments.

Question 14

Rosenzweig's 1936)hypothesis was named after a character from which story?

Accepted Answer

Rosenzweig's 1936 hypothesis was named after the character Alice from Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland."

Question 15

Meta-analyses of the child and adolescent treatment literature have found

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses of the child and adolescent treatment literature have consistently found cognitive-behavioural treatments to be more efficacious than other treatments.

Question 16

Rosenzweig's 1936)hypothesis that all psychotherapies must be equivalent in their effects is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

Rosenzweig's hypothesis that all psychotherapies must be equivalent in their effects is referred to as the Dodo bird verdict, based on the character from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland who declared that everyone had won the race and was therefore awarded prizes. The concept suggests that although different therapies may have different techniques and approaches, they ultimately produce similar outcomes.

Question 17

Which researcher has consistently maintained over the years that there is no substantial evidence of differential treatment effects?

Accepted Answer

Luborsky is known for his research on common factors in therapy and has consistently argued that there is no substantial evidence for differential treatment effects.

Question 18

The development of integrative treatment models for psychotherapy has been greatly influenced by

Accepted Answer

The common factors approach, which emphasizes the commonalities across different psychotherapeutic approaches, has been a major influence in the development of integrative treatment models. This approach emphasizes the importance of building a strong therapeutic alliance, developing clear treatment goals, and using interventions that have been shown to be effective across different theoretical orientations. Process-outcome research, interpersonal psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy have also contributed to the development of integrative treatment models, but to a lesser extent than the common factors approach.

Question 19

Who is credited as being the first person to identify a common set of therapeutic factors that inform the effectiveness of all approaches to psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Saul Rosenzweig is credited with identifying a common set of therapeutic factors that inform the effectiveness of all approaches to psychotherapy in his 1936 publication "Some Implicit Common Factors in Diverse Methods of Psychotherapy".

Question 20

Research suggests that patient compliance in completing homework acts as a moderator of the relation between positive treatment expectations and

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that patients who have positive treatment expectations and who adhere to completing homework assignments have higher initial improvement in functioning compared to those who do not complete homework. However, homework compliance does not have an impact on therapist characteristics, relapse prevention, or therapeutic alliance.

Quiz 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Smith,Glass,and Miller 1980) conducted a meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies and found that ________________treatments had the largest effect sizes.

Focusing on enhancing patient self-awareness and understanding of their problems works best for patients who ,whereas patients who respond best to a focus on symptom alleviation.

Lester Luborsky and colleagues have conducted literature reviews of psychotherapy effectiveness and have concluded that

One of the problems in interpreting the research on the alliance-outcome link is the importance of not inferring

Lambert and Ogles 2004) categorized the most commonly suggested common factors in psychotherapy into the following main dimensions:

Which of the hypothesized common factors in psychotherapy has received the most research attention?

Bruce Wampold has been a vocal proponent

Which of the following therapeutic elements would be considered a common factor to several psychotherapeutic approaches?

What was Rosenzweig's 1936) assertion regarding the various types of therapies that were available to clinicians at the time?

Smith et al.1980) conducted analyses on data from 56 comparative outcome studies of the behavioural and verbal classes of treatment and found that