Question 1

If an oil tanker leaks oil in the ocean,where does the oil go?

Accepted Answer

The oil floats on the seawater due to the difference in polarity between water (polar) and oil (nonpolar). This forms an oil slick on the surface of the ocean.

Question 2

Identify the number of electron groups around a molecule with sp hybridization.

Accepted Answer

Molecules with sp hybridization have 2 electron groups around them, formed by the hybridization of one s orbital and one p orbital.

Question 3

Place the following in order of decreasing dipole moment. I.cis-CHCl=CHCl II.trans-CHCl=CHCl III.cis-CHF=CHF

Accepted Answer

The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. In cis isomers, like cis-CHCl=CHCl (I) and cis-CHF=CHF (III), the polar bonds are on the same side, leading to a higher net dipole moment compared to their trans counterpart, trans-CHCl=CHCl (II), where the polar bonds are on opposite sides, partially canceling each other out. Between cis-CHF=CHF (III) and cis-CHCl=CHCl (I), the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and fluorine is greater than that between hydrogen and chlorine, resulting in a higher dipole moment for III compared to I. Therefore, the order of decreasing dipole moment is III > I > II.

Question 4

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for SF₄.

Accepted Answer

SF4 has a seesaw molecular geometry with 5 electron groups: 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

Question 5

Soap works with water because

Accepted Answer

The polar head of soap molecules has a hydrophilic (water-loving) end that attracts water molecules, while the nonpolar tail is hydrophobic (water-fearing) and attracted to other nonpolar molecules like grease and oil. This property allows soap to surround and remove grease and oil from surfaces, and the soap molecules can then be rinsed away with water.

Question 6

Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I.BCl₃ II.BIF₂ III.BClF₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following in order of increasing...

Question 7

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. N₂O NCl₃ NO₂⁻

Accepted Answer

The bond angle in molecules is influenced by the electronegativity of the atoms and the presence of lone pairs. NSO (nitrosyl sulfide) has a higher bond angle due to the absence of lone pairs on the central atom and the electronegativity of the oxygen atom pulling electron density away, leading to a more linear structure. NO2- (nitrite ion) has a lone pair on the nitrogen, which reduces the bond angle compared to NSO. NCl3 (nitrogen trichloride) has the lowest bond angle due to the presence of three bulky chlorine atoms that repel each other, leading to a smaller bond angle.

Question 8

A molecule with a T-shaped molecular geometry has a bond angle of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A molecule with a T-shaped molecular geometry...

Question 9

A molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry has a bond angle of

Accepted Answer

In a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, the equatorial bonds are indeed 120° apart, while the axial bonds are perpendicular to the plane of the equatorial bonds, making them 90° relative to any equatorial bond.

Question 10

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF₅.

Accepted Answer

BrF5 has a total of 6 electron groups (5 bonds and 1 lone pair) around the central Br atom, which results in a square pyramidal molecular geometry.

Question 11

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. CS₂ CF₄ SCl₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following in order of decreasing...

Question 12

Place the following in order of increasing X-Se-X bond angle,where X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. SeO₂ SeCl₆ SeF₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following in order of increasing...

Question 13

How many of the following molecules are polar? BrCl₃ CS₂ SiF₄ SO₃

Accepted Answer

BrCl₃ is polar due to its T-shaped molecular geometry, which results in an uneven distribution of charge. CS₂, SiF₄, and SO₃ are nonpolar because they have symmetrical shapes that allow for the even distribution of charge.

Question 14

A molecule with a seesaw molecular geometry has a bond angle of

Accepted Answer

A molecule with a seesaw molecular geometry has four electron groups around the central atom, including one lone pair. The lone pair occupies an axial position, which causes the bond angles to deviate from the regular tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. The equatorial bonds in a seesaw arrangement have bond angles of approximately 120°, while the axial bonds have bond angles of approximately 90°. Therefore, the best choice is A, which correctly describes the bond angles in a molecule with a seesaw molecular geometry.

Question 15

Consider the molecule below.Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 3 labeled atoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the molecule below.Determine the molecular geometry...

Question 16

Place the following in order of increasing F-A-F bond angle,where A represents the central atom in each molecule. PF₃ OF₂ PF₄⁺

Accepted Answer

In OF2, there are two lone pairs of electrons that occupy more space around the central atom, causing the bonding pairs to be pushed closer together and leading to a smaller bond angle. Therefore, OF2 has the smallest F-A-F bond angle. In PF3, the three bonding pairs are spread out more evenly around the central phosphorus atom, leading to a slightly larger bond angle than OF2. Finally, in PF5, the five bonding pairs are even more spread out, causing the largest F-A-F bond angle. Therefore, the correct order is OF₂ < PF₃ < PF₄⁺.

Question 17

Consider the molecule below.Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 2 labeled carbons.

Accepted Answer

C1 has three bonded atoms (two H and one C) and no lone pairs, so it has a trigonal planar geometry. C2 has four bonded atoms (two H and two C) and no lone pairs, so it has a tetrahedral geometry.

Question 18

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF₃.

Accepted Answer

BrF3 has 5 electron groups around the central bromine atom: 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs, resulting in a T-shaped molecular geometry.

Question 19

Place the following in order of increasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. HCN H₂O H₃O⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following in order of increasing...

Question 20

How many of the following molecules are polar? PCl₅ COS XeO₃ SeBr₂

Accepted Answer

PCl₅, COS, and SeBr₂ are polar molecules as they have polar bonds and an overall net dipole moment. XeO₃ is not polar as it has symmetrical geometry and no net dipole moment.

Quiz 10: Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Shapes,valence Bond Theory,

If an oil tanker leaks oil in the ocean,where does the oil go?

Identify the number of electron groups around a molecule with sp hybridization.

Place the following in order of decreasing dipole moment. I.cis-CHCl=CHCl II.trans-CHCl=CHCl III.cis-CHF=CHF

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for SF4.

Soap works with water because

Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I.BCl3 II.BIF2 III.BClF2

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. N2O NCl3 NO2⁻

A molecule with a T-shaped molecular geometry has a bond angle of

A molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry has a bond angle of

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF5.

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. CS2 CF4 SCl2

Place the following in order of increasing X-Se-X bond angle,where X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. SeO2 SeCl6 SeF2

How many of the following molecules are polar? BrCl3 CS2 SiF4 SO3

A molecule with a seesaw molecular geometry has a bond angle of

Consider the molecule below.Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 3 labeled atoms.

Place the following in order of increasing F-A-F bond angle,where A represents the central atom in each molecule. PF3 OF2 PF4⁺

Consider the molecule below.Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 2 labeled carbons.

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF3.

Place the following in order of increasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. HCN H2O H3O⁺

How many of the following molecules are polar? PCl5 COS XeO3 SeBr2

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for SF₄.

Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I.BCl₃ II.BIF₂ III.BClF₂

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. N₂O NCl₃ NO₂⁻

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF₅.

Place the following in order of decreasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. CS₂ CF₄ SCl₂

Place the following in order of increasing X-Se-X bond angle,where X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. SeO₂ SeCl₆ SeF₂

How many of the following molecules are polar? BrCl₃ CS₂ SiF₄ SO₃

Place the following in order of increasing F-A-F bond angle,where A represents the central atom in each molecule. PF₃ OF₂ PF₄⁺

Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF₃.

Place the following in order of increasing X-A-X bond angle,where A represents the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecule. HCN H₂O H₃O⁺

How many of the following molecules are polar? PCl₅ COS XeO₃ SeBr₂