Question 1

Exposure rests on the learning principle of ________.

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapy is based on the learning principle of habituation, where repeated exposure to a feared object or situation leads to a decrease in the emotional response over time.

Question 2

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning where a person is gradually exposed to a feared object or situation while practicing relaxation techniques, leading to a reduction in anxiety. Choice B (contingency contract) and choice C (token economy) are based on the principles of operant conditioning and choice D (reinforcement) can apply to both classical and operant conditioning.

Question 3

A behavior therapist is interested in the ABCs of behavior, meaning ________.

Accepted Answer

The ABCs of behavior refer to the antecedents (what comes before the behavior), the behavior itself, and the consequences (what follows the behavior). This is a common framework used in behavior therapy to analyze and modify behavior. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 4

Which behavior therapy technique is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapy is a behavior therapy technique commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. In exposure therapy, clients are gradually exposed to the feared stimuli or situations in a safe and controlled environment to reduce anxiety and fear responses. Gradual exposure can be achieved through systematic desensitization, where the client is taught relaxation techniques and then exposed to the feared stimuli in a hierarchical manner while maintaining relaxation.

Question 5

Mary, who has a great fear of flying, has been instructed by her behavior therapist to take a brief ride in an actual airplane. If Mary follows her therapist's instructions, then she'll be engaged in ________.

Accepted Answer

In vivo exposure involves facing a feared situation or object in real life, rather than through imagination or virtual reality. Mary's brief ride in an actual airplane would be an example of in vivo exposure. A is incorrect because imaginal exposure involves imagining a feared situation or object, rather than experiencing it in real life. B is incorrect because aversive exposure involves pairing a feared object or situation with a negative consequence, such as a shock, in order to reduce the fear response. D is incorrect because virtual reality exposure involves using technology to simulate a feared situation or object, rather than experiencing it in real life.

Question 6

Dinah, a therapist, works with her clients to help them change their problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new, more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones. Dinah uses what type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

Dinah's approach involves both changing behaviors and irrational thoughts, indicating the use of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), which emphasizes the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Option A, behavior therapy, tends to focus more on specific behaviors without addressing thoughts and beliefs. Option C, psychoanalysis, involves exploring unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms. Option D, client-centered therapy, emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and active listening but does not directly address behavior change or thought patterns.

Question 7

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a form of behavioral therapy that is most commonly used to treat phobias, anxiety disorders, and other fear-related conditions. Alice's fear of heights is a phobia, and systematic desensitization would involve gradually exposing her to increasingly heights in a controlled and safe environment until her fear is reduced or eliminated.

Question 8

Which type of therapy is based on well-researched learning principles and focuses on changing observable, measurable behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The type of therapy described in the question is behavior therapy. Its focus is on changing observable and measurable behaviors based on research on learning principles.

Question 9

Due to new computer technology that involves having the client wear a headset that can project realistic anxiety-provoking images, therapists can now conduct ________ through virtual reality exposure in their offices.

Accepted Answer

The use of virtual reality headset to project anxiety-provoking images is a technique used in exposure therapy, which helps people to confront and overcome their fears and anxieties. Options A, B, and D are all traditional psychotherapy techniques that do not involve the use of virtual reality technology.

Question 10

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ______ therapies.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapies are based on the belief that all behavior is learned and can be changed through the modification of behavior patterns. Traditional psychodynamic therapies focus on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences, short-term psychodynamic therapies focus on resolving current symptoms, and cognitive therapies focus on thought patterns and beliefs.

Question 11

One benefit of behavior therapy is that it ________.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy focuses on observable behaviors, rather than thoughts or emotions, which makes it easier to measure the success of the therapy.

Question 12

The technique of ________ involves controlling the exposure to a stimulus that elicits a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus control involves modifying behavior by managing the stimuli that trigger that behavior. It's about controlling exposure to specific stimuli to change how an individual responds to them.

Question 13

Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical, irrational cognitions and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational, logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-behavioral approach assumes that disorders come from illogical and irrational thinking patterns, and changing those patterns to more logical and rational ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder.

Question 14

Which of the following disorders can be treated with the technique of exposure with response prevention?

Accepted Answer

Exposure with response prevention is a technique commonly used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It involves exposing the patient to anxiety-provoking situations and preventing them from carrying out their compulsive behaviors in response. This helps to break the cycle of obsessions and compulsions and reduce overall levels of anxiety. Anorexia nervosa, agoraphobia, and specific phobias are typically treated with other forms of therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or medication.

Question 15

In behavior therapy, distressing symptoms are seen as ________.

Accepted Answer

In behavior therapy, distressing symptoms are seen as the result of learning, rather than stemming from unconscious or neurophysiological issues. This perspective focuses on modifying maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement of positive behaviors and reducing reinforcement of negative behaviors.

Question 16

Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapy?

Accepted Answer

While humanistic therapy has gained popularity among therapists, there is a lack of empirical research to support its core ideas. This limits its credibility as a treatment option compared to other evidence-based therapies with stronger research support.

Question 17

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object. Extinction is the process of eliminating a learned behavior by removing the reinforcement that once followed it, punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior, and token economy is a behavior modification method that uses tokens as a form of currency to reinforce desired behaviors.

Question 18

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, goal-oriented therapy that focuses on helping clients change irrational thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their psychological problems. The goal is to teach clients to identify and challenge these negative patterns and replace them with rational, healthy ones. CBT does not typically involve the exploration of unconscious conflicts or unfinished business, as in other forms of therapy. Likewise, while CBT may ultimately lead to greater congruence between a person's real and ideal selves, this is not its primary focus.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true regarding insight-oriented therapy?

Accepted Answer

There is limited empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of insight-oriented therapy, and research shows that it is not necessarily more effective than other forms of therapy.

Question 20

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists view abnormal or undesirable behaviors as learned responses to environmental stimuli. These behaviors can be unlearned and replaced with more adaptive behaviors through various behavior modification techniques such as operant conditioning and systematic desensitization.

Quiz 12: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing Words