Question 1

In the game show Jeopardy! contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is _________.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of long-term memory that stores general knowledge and information about the world, including facts and concepts. This type of memory is used to answer the general knowledge questions on Jeopardy!

Question 2

Flashbulb memories ______.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are usually associated with emotionally charged events, such as 9/11 or the assassination of John F. Kennedy. However, research has shown that even these memories can become distorted or influenced by later information. Therefore, they are not always highly accurate and can be subject to revision over time. Flashbulb memories can also relate to events from any period in a person's life, not just early childhood.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is true?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories tend to be as accurate as other memories. However, people may have a greater confidence in their accuracy due to the vivid and emotional nature of the event.

Question 4

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories refer to memories of specific events or experiences that have a personal significance. The memory of the first day of college classes is a specific event that has personal significance and therefore falls under the category of episodic memory. Semantic memories, on the other hand, refer to general knowledge or facts, while working memories are temporary and involved in the manipulation of information in the short-term. Implicit memories are unconscious memories that affect behavior but cannot be consciously recalled.

Question 5

Talia, a psychology major, just conducted a survey for class where she asked students about their opinions regarding evolution. When Talia thinks back on this experience, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Talia's ability to recall the factual details of the survey requires semantic memory, which is the memory for facts and general knowledge. Meanwhile, her recollections of talking with the students involve personal experiences, making use of episodic memory. Therefore, the best answer is D, where Talia's ability to recall factual details uses semantic memory and her recollections of personal experiences use episodic memory.

Question 6

Declarative memories are sometimes referred to as ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are memories that can be consciously recalled or declared, such as memories of specific events or facts. They are also known as explicit memories. Nondeclarative memories, on the other hand, are unconscious memories of skills and habits, and are also known as implicit memories. Sensory and structural memories are not terms typically used to describe types of memory.

Question 7

Memories for general facts and personal information are called _________.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories refer to memories of general facts and personal information, which can be consciously recalled and expressed as verbal statements. Episodic memory refers to memories of specific events or episodes, while procedural memories are memories of how to perform certain tasks or skills. "Factual memory" is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 8

Jerome is preparing for his philosophy essay exam and has decided to just employ basic memorization skills. What does transfer appropriate processing predict in this case?

Accepted Answer

Transfer appropriate processing predicts that using basic memorization skills will not be effective in retaining the information over the long-term, and may not even lead to optimal performance on the test. Using a more complex strategy, such as actively engaging with the material through elaboration, linking concepts together, and practicing application, is more likely to lead to better retention and performance.

Question 9

Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ___________.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall specific events and experiences from one's personal history, such as memories of a birthday party or a family vacation. Therefore, personal facts and memories of one's personal history are considered part of episodic memory.

Question 10

When Tiger Woods has a certain "feel" for how hard to putt the ball (touch memory) depending on the slope and distance to the hole, he is utilizing his ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Modality-specific memory refers to memory that is specific to a particular sensory modality, such as touch, which is relevant to Tiger Woods' ability to gauge the force needed for a putt based on slope and distance.

Question 11

A(n) ________ memory can be easily called to mind whereas a(n) ________ memory cannot.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory is easily called to mind, while nondeclarative memory cannot.

Question 12

Production of noradrenaline in the brain is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

Noradrenaline is associated with the emotional response and can enhance memory encoding for emotional events.

Question 13

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to the memory of general knowledge, concepts and meanings that are not linked to the context in which they were learned. Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of semantic memory. Episodic memory refers to the memory of autobiographical events, working memory is the temporary storage and manipulation of information, and implicit memory is the non-conscious memory of skills and procedures.

Question 14

In the Bower (1972) research described in your text, the difference between the intentional learning condition and the incidental leaning condition was ________.

Accepted Answer

In the Bower (1972) research, the intentional learning group was explicitly told to use the images, while the incidental learning group saw the same images but were not instructed to use them. Therefore, the difference between the two conditions was that the intentional group was instructed to use the images.

Question 15

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ______.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are highly vivid and detailed recollections of a significant event, such as a traumatic event, a historic event or a personal experience that carries an emotional significance. Unlike ordinary memories, flashbulb memories are not subject to degradation and remain vividly intact over long periods of time.

Question 16

General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as parts of ___________.

Accepted Answer

General knowledge, language, and concepts are all examples of semantic memory, which is the type of declarative memory that deals with factual information and concepts. Episodic memory, on the other hand, deals with personal experiences, while procedural memories involve skills and habits.

Question 17

Modality-specific memory stores retain input from ________.

Accepted Answer

Modality-specific memory stores retain input from a single sense or processing system, such as visual information in iconic memory or auditory information in echoic memory.

Question 18

Many middle-aged adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

The described phenomenon is a classic example of a flashbulb memory, which is a vivid and long-lasting memory of a significant event that is surprising and emotionally arousing. The term "flashbulb" refers to the idea that the memory is captured in great detail, much like a photograph taken with a bright flash. The memory is often highly resistant to forgetting and can be recalled with clarity even after many years.

Question 19

Your memory for the moment you heard about the planes crashing into New York's Twin Towers would be most appropriately termed a(n) ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are highly detailed and vivid memories of emotionally significant events. The moment of hearing about the 9/11 attacks is a perfect example of this type of memory. Episodic and autobiographical memories refer to personal experiences that are not necessarily emotionally significant, while repressed memories are memories that have been suppressed due to their traumatic nature.

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to be memorable for most people?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is most likely...

Quiz 5: Memory: Living With Yesterday