Question 1

Artists use many colors to depict a single object,because they recognize the influence of light and shadow.This demonstrates an artist's ability to capitalize on

Accepted Answer

Color constancy is the ability of the brain to perceive colors of objects as stable despite changing illumination conditions. Artists recognize this and use many colors to depict a single object to capture the various shades and hues that an object may have under different lighting conditions. This helps to create a more realistic and nuanced representation of the object. Retinal disparity and linear perspective have to do with depth perception, while visual illusion refers to perceptual distortions or misinterpretations.

Question 2

Depth perception depends on monocular and binocular cues.Monocular cues are cues

Accepted Answer

Monocular cues are available to one eye, whereas binocular cues require both eyes to interact for depth perception.

Question 3

Which depth cue accounts for why parallel lines appear to grow closer together the farther away they are?

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective is the depth cue that accounts for the fact that parallel lines appear to converge at a point in the distance. This is because the lines actually get closer together as they extend further into the distance, and our brains interpret this convergence as an indicator of depth.

Question 4

The monocular cue of the vertical position refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

The monocular cue of the vertical position refers to the idea that the farther an object appears below the horizon, the larger it appears. This is a way for our brain to judge distance and size of objects in our environment based on their position relative to the horizon. This is why objects that are closer to the horizon appear larger than objects that are higher up in the sky.

Question 5

A door is still perceived as a rectangle even after we view it from different angles.This is due to

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy refers to the tendency of objects to appear stable and unchanging, despite changes in their size, shape, and orientation relative to the viewer. This is why a door still appears as a rectangle, even when viewed from different angles or distances. Depth cues and retinal disparity help us perceive depth in the visual field, but they do not account for the stability of an object's shape over different viewpoints. Linear constancy is not a recognized term in psychology, and therefore, is not a relevant answer choice.

Question 6

The movement of the eyes as they adjust to objects at different distances is called

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the movement of the eyes as they adjust to focus on objects at different distances, particularly when focusing on closer objects.

Question 7

With the moon illusion,the moon looks larger when it is

Accepted Answer

The moon illusion occurs when the moon is near the horizon. This is because our brain receives visual cues from objects on the ground that suggest distance and size, which make the moon appear larger than when it is high up in the sky. The other choices do not have a significant effect on the moon illusion.

Question 8

If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet from us,we still recognize its size even though the image on our retina is much smaller than when it is directly before us.This is primarily due to

Accepted Answer

Size constancy is the perceptual phenomenon that allows us to perceive an object as being a constant size even when its actual size varies in the image projected on our retina. This is due to our ability to take into account distance and size cues to accurately interpret an object's size in the context of its surroundings. In this case, we still recognize the German shepherd's size even though it appears smaller from 30 feet away because of our knowledge of its typical size and the ability to compare its size to other objects in the visual field.

Question 9

The tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged in spite of changes in raw sensations is called

Accepted Answer

Perceptual constancy refers to the tendency of our perceptions of objects to remain relatively stable despite changes in the sensory information we receive. This includes size constancy (where we perceive objects as maintaining a consistent size even when their retinal image may vary), shape constancy (where we perceive objects as maintaining a consistent shape despite changes in orientation), and color constancy (where we perceive colors as remaining relatively constant even as lighting conditions change).

Question 10

The moon looks bigger at the horizon than it does higher in the sky because

Accepted Answer

The moon appears larger on the horizon due to the "moon illusion," where it is compared to nearby objects like trees and buildings, making it seem bigger.

Question 11

In a painting,an artist might want us to perceive that there are many people in the back of the room,even though the image of people standing in the front of the room partially covers those standing in the back.In this case,the artist is using the cue of

Accepted Answer

Superposition is the cue that an artist would use in this scenario. Superposition refers to the concept of objects that are closer to the viewer partially blocking objects that are farther away, resulting in the perception of depth and distance. The people in the front of the room are closer and partially block the people in the back, allowing the viewer to perceive that there are people standing in the back of the room. The other choices, texture gradient, aerial perspective, and retinal disparity, do not apply to this scenario.

Question 12

Looking at a quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina compared to looking at a quarter across the room,yet we know that the quarter is the same and retains the same dimensions.This phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is size constancy, which refers to our ability to perceive objects as maintaining the same size even when their retinal image changes due to differences in distance or angle of observation. The other options listed (figure-ground, the Ponzo illusion, and Gestalt closure) refer to different perceptual phenomena.

Question 13

Which of the following is a binocular cue?

Accepted Answer

Convergence is a binocular cue that allows us to perceive depth by sensing the degree to which the eyes converge or turn inward when focusing on an object.

Question 14

What we see is not always the same as the visual information that enters our eyes.This fact can be demonstrated most dramatically by

Accepted Answer

Visual illusions demonstrate how our brains can be tricked into perceiving something that is not actually present or perceiving objects differently than they truly are.

Question 15

The artistic technique of painting people in the front of a scene to cover those behind is called

Accepted Answer

The artistic technique of superposition involves placing objects or people in front of a scene to cover those behind. This creates a sense of depth and three-dimensionality in the painting. Texture gradient and color constancy are visual perception phenomena, while the Ponzo illusion is a different type of optical illusion.

Question 16

What do the Ames room and Müller-Lyer illusion have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both the Ames room and Müller-Lyer illusion are visual illusions, appearing to distort the perception of depth or length, respectively. The Ames room creates an illusion of depth and size by manipulating the angles of the walls and floor, while the Müller-Lyer illusion creates an illusion of length by manipulating the angles of arrow-like figures.

Question 17

In a painting,details in the front of a scene are more clear than details in the rear of the scene.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is known as texture gradient, which refers to the fact that the texture or detail of objects becomes denser and finer as they are closer to the viewer, and less clear or blurred as they recede into the background. This is caused by the way our eyes perceive depth and distance based on the size and spacing of visual cues like texture, shading, and overlap. Superposition refers to the way objects can appear to overlap each other in space, Ponzo illusion is a visual trick where two lines of equal length appear to be different due to surrounding context, and color constancy is the tendency for colors to appear relatively stable despite changes in lighting or context.

Question 18

Accommodation is to retinal disparity as

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is a monocular cue, which involves changes in the shape of the lens to focus on objects at different distances, while retinal disparity is a binocular cue, relying on the slightly different images each eye perceives to judge distance.

Question 19

When looking at these letters: XXX XXX XXX XXX we tend to see 4 groups of 3 X's rather than 12 individual X's due to the principle of

Accepted Answer

Proximity refers to the tendency for us to perceive objects that are close together as being part of the same group, which is why we tend to see 4 groups of 3 X's instead of 12 individual X's.

Question 20

Line illusions often take advantage of

Accepted Answer

Line illusions typically make use of monocular depth cues to create the illusion of depth or movement in a 2D image. Retinal disparity, which is the slight difference in the images perceived by each eye, is more commonly used in creating 3D illusions. Brightness constancy and convergence are not typically used in creating line illusions.

Quiz 5: Sensation and Perception