Question 1

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are both divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, the afferent nervous system carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, and the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Question 2

Essential body functions such as heartbeat,breathing,digestion,sweating,and sexual arousal are under the control of the

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary body functions such as heartbeat, breathing, digestion, sweating, and sexual arousal. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, the cerebral cortex controls conscious thought and perception, and the interneuron system is a part of the nervous system that connects sensory and motor neurons.

Question 3

After finishing a psychology test,you try to relax by engaging in some meditation techniques.Doing these exercises should increase the response of the ________ nervous system and result in slower heart and respiration rates and less muscular tension.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for relaxing the body and slowing down bodily functions such as heart rate, respiration rate, and muscular tension. Engaging in meditation techniques can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to these changes in bodily functions.

Question 4

Which of the following are the two integrated parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are the two integrated parts of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic system prepares the body for "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic system promotes "rest and digest" functions.

Question 5

Which of the following occurs as a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) is a function of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for the fight or flight response by increasing alertness and visual acuity.

Answer: D
 The sympathetic nervous system inhibits digestive processes, such as digestion and absorption, and instead diverts blood flow to other organs and muscles to prepare for physical activity or stress. This is known as the fight or flight response. Therefore, an excited digestive tract is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system.

Additional information:
A) Increased salivation is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system, not the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions, such as digestion and salivation.
C) Slowed heartbeat is also a function of the parasympathetic nervous system, which dominates during rest and relaxation. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and contractility to support activity and stress.

Question 6

Which part of the peripheral nervous system would be particularly important to a backpacker being chased by an angry bear?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which would be vital for a backpacker who is being chased by an angry bear. It triggers the release of adrenaline, which increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, preparing the body to either fight the bear or run away from it.

Question 7

The division of the peripheral nervous system that plays a significant role in motivation and emotion is the

Accepted Answer

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system controls the body's response to stress and emotional stimuli, regulating functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. It is responsible for the physiological changes associated with the fight-or-flight response and plays a significant role in motivation and emotion.

Question 8

The part of the nervous system that prepares the body for exertion or other stress is the

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nerves are responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for physical activity or stress. This includes increasing heart rate and respiration, dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline to enhance energy and focus. The parasympathetic nerves, on the other hand, are responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which slows down bodily systems and conserves energy. Efferent and afferent nerves refer to the direction of nerve impulses (away from or towards the central nervous system, respectively) and are not specific to the sympathetic or parasympathetic division.

Question 9

A common way of classifying the brain is to divide it into three major parts.What are they?

Accepted Answer

The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain are the three major parts of the brain. The hindbrain includes the medulla and the cerebellum, but also includes other structures such as the pons. The midbrain includes structures such as the tectum and tegmentum. The forebrain includes the cerebrum and other structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it accurately identifies the three major parts of the brain.

Question 10

The ______ is the part of the hindbrain that is primarily responsible for breathing and upright posture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______ is the part of the...

Question 11

A person who walks in a jerky,uncoordinated way may well have a disorder most likely involving the

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance. A jerky, uncoordinated gait could be indicative of a cerebellar disorder. The forebrain, hypothalamus, and midbrain are not primarily involved in motor coordination.

Question 12

Which subpart of the brain is located at the rear base of the skull?

Accepted Answer

The hindbrain is located at the rear base of the skull, which includes the cerebellum, the pons and the medulla oblongata.

Question 13

A paramedic arrives at an accident.One of the people injured has a problem breathing and cannot stand upright.Most likely,the area of the hindbrain damaged is the

Accepted Answer

The medulla is responsible for controlling basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing and heart rate. If someone is having difficulty breathing or cannot stand upright, it is likely that the medulla, which is located in the hindbrain, has been damaged. The pons and thalamus are also part of the hindbrain, but they are not directly responsible for breathing or balance. The cerebrum is not part of the hindbrain and is responsible for higher-level functions such as consciousness and thought processes.

Question 14

Which part of the nervous system regulates breathing?

Accepted Answer

The medulla, located in the brainstem, is responsible for regulating breathing. It controls the basic rhythmic breathing rate and can also adjust breathing based on changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the body. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating many bodily functions, but not specifically breathing. Wernicke's area is involved in language comprehension. The forebrain is involved in higher-level thinking and processing, but not specifically breathing.

Question 15

If a person's cerebellum was damaged in an accident,you would expect the person to have a problem with

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and muscle coordination, so damage to this area would result in problems with these functions.

Question 16

Just before you went on a job interview you broke out into a cold sweat,experienced shortness of breath,and felt a need to go to the bathroom.These symptoms were most likely produced by your ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by the sympathetic nervous system. This response prepares the body to deal with perceived threats, such as a job interview, by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and diverting blood flow to the muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for calming the body down and promoting rest and digestion.

Question 17

A person is having trouble with reflexive movements of the eyes and postural reflexes.In which area of the brain would you suspect an injury?

Accepted Answer

Reflexive movements of the eyes and postural reflexes are controlled by the midbrain, specifically the tectum and the superior colliculus. An injury in this area could result in difficulty with these types of reflexes. The limbic system is involved in motivation, emotions, and memory. The cerebral cortex controls voluntary movements and cognitive functions. The forebrain includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia, which are involved in a variety of functions but not specifically reflexive movements or postural reflexes.

Question 18

If you are in a low stress-level situation,and you experience increases in salivation,constriction of the lungs,contraction of the bladder,and an activation of the digestive tract,you know that your ______ nervous system is primarily responsible for these operations.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions and is activated during low stress-level situations. It results in an increase in salivation, constriction of the lungs, contraction of the bladder, and activation of the digestive tract. The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the "fight or flight" response during high stress situations. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensation. Efferent refers to any nerve fiber sending signals away from the central nervous system, so it is not a relevant answer to this question.

Question 19

The structure that plays an important role in maintaining attention and arousal by manipulation of various neurotransmitters is the

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a complex network of neurons in the brainstem that plays an important role in regulating arousal and maintaining attention. It receives information from various sensory systems and is involved in the manipulation of various neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which are important for regulating focus and attention. The frontal lobe, hypothalamus, and amygdala play important roles in many brain functions, but do not have as direct a role in regulating attention and arousal as the reticular formation.

Question 20

What do the pons and medulla have in common?

Accepted Answer

The pons and medulla are both located in the hindbrain. The pons is the rounded bulge above the medulla, and both structures are important for regulating basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Quiz 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior