Question 1

An infant born weighing less than ____ pounds is considered low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

According to World Health Organization (WHO), an infant weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) is considered as low birth weight. Therefore, the correct choice is A).

Question 2

____ is defined as the number of weeks since conception.

Accepted Answer

Gestational age is the number of weeks since conception and is used to track the progress of a pregnancy. Birth weight, pregnancy timeline, and small-for-date are not directly related to the number of weeks since conception.

Question 3

What is the current percentage of low birth weight neonates in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The current percentage of low birth weight neonates in the United States is approximately 8%.

Question 4

An adult who was low birth weight is more likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of brain abnormalities, including cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Being low birth weight does not necessarily lead to obesity, short stature or severe psychological problems.

Question 5

What is the main cause of low birth weight in developed countries?

Accepted Answer

Maternal cigarette smoking is the main cause of low birth weight in developed countries. Smoking during pregnancy can reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach the fetus, leading to slower fetal growth and lower birth weight. Other factors such as maternal drug abuse and anemia can also contribute to low birth weight, but they are not as prevalent in developed countries as cigarette smoking. Maternal malnourishment is more common in developing countries.

Question 6

Which continents have the highest rates of low birth weight neonates?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, in 2015, Asia and Africa had the highest rates of low birth weight neonates, with 23.3% and 13.5% respectively. North and South America had a rate of 8.4% and Europe and Australia had a rate of 6.5%.

Question 7

According to the text,what are neonates who weigh less than 90% of what they should for their gestational age referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Neonates who weigh less than 90% of what they should for their gestational age are referred to as small for date, also known as small for gestational age (SGA) or intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR). Option A and D are not specific to weight for gestational age, while option B refers to a broader category of infants who are smaller than average for their gestational age, including those who are constitutionally small or born prematurely.

Question 8

Adolescents who were born with low birth weight were more likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight is associated with developmental challenges, including cognitive impairments, which can lead to lower intelligence test scores and academic difficulties such as repeating a grade.

Question 9

Your sister did everything that she could to have a healthy pregnancy,but her baby was born at 33 weeks and was "small for date." She is not sure what that means.What would you tell her? This means that her baby was ____.

Accepted Answer

"Small for date" means that the baby's weight at birth was less than what would be expected for their gestational age. This indicates growth restriction during pregnancy, which could be due to various factors such as poor nutrition, placental problems, or genetic issues.

Question 10

In order to be considered preterm,an infant must be born before the ____ week of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

A baby is considered preterm if born before the 37th week of prenatal development.

Question 11

Which of the following describes a neonate who was born small-for-date?

Accepted Answer

Being born small-for-date means that the neonate weighs less than expected for their gestational age. Option B correctly describes this condition. Option A describes microcephaly, which is a different condition in which the circumference of the head is smaller than expected. Option C and D describe length or height, which are not necessarily related to being born small-for-date.

Question 12

Which of the following is a substance that lubricates the lungs and helps the neonate breathe independently?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant is a substance that lubricates the lungs and reduces surface tension, preventing the alveoli from collapsing and helping the neonate breathe independently. Leptin is a hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite, acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction and nerve impulses, and white blood cells are part of the immune system.

Question 13

What is the substance called that coats the lungs and keeps the air sacs in the lungs from collapsing?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation.

Question 14

An infant that is born weighing less than 5.5 pounds and before 37 weeks is considered _____.

Accepted Answer

Preterm refers to any infant born before 37 weeks gestation, regardless of weight. A low birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds may be a risk factor for health complications, but it is not the only defining characteristic of preterm birth. Post-mature refers to infants born after 42 weeks gestation. Therefore, the best choice is D - preterm.

Question 15

Low birth weight is the ____ in developed countries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Low birth weight is the ____ in...

Question 16

Low birth weight usually occurs because ____.

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight is often due to a disruption during prenatal development, such as poor maternal nutrition, exposure to toxins or drugs, or medical conditions like preeclampsia. It is not due to irresponsible parents and while trauma to the placenta can be a factor, it is often caused by other underlying issues during development. Research is ongoing to determine all the factors that can contribute to low birth weight.

Question 17

For developing countries,the main cause for low birth weight neonates is ____; whereas,in developed countries it is ____.

Accepted Answer

In developing countries, malnourishment is the main cause for low birth weight neonates due to inadequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy. In developed countries, cigarette smoking is the main cause as it is known to reduce birth weight by constricting blood vessels and decreasing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus.

Question 18

Born at 32 weeks after conception,Sasha weighs in at 900 grams (about 2 pounds).Given this information,Sasha is best defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

Sasha is considered preterm because she was born at 32 weeks, which is before the typical full-term pregnancy of around 40 weeks. Additionally, she is classified as having an extremely low birth weight because she weighs only 900 grams, which is less than 1000 grams (2.2 pounds).

Question 19

____ neonates have a four time higher death rate than ____ infants.

Accepted Answer

Small-for-date neonates have a four times higher death rate than preterm infants.

Question 20

Your roommate is a smoker.You and he are having an argument because he not only thinks that smoking is OK,but also thinks it is fine when a pregnant woman smokes-his mother did.You argue that,among other things,women who smoke when pregnant have newborns who are ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that smoking during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight, which can increase the risk of health issues for the newborn, including respiratory problems and developmental delays.

Quiz 3: Birth and the Newborn Child