Question 1

What type of aggression is involved when a child exhibits signs of anger and intends to inflict pain or harm on others?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression involves an intention to harm or inflict pain on others, often accompanied by feelings of anger or frustration. This type of aggression is different from instrumental aggression, which is aimed at achieving a goal rather than causing harm. Physical aggression and verbal aggression are both possible expressions of hostile aggression.

Question 2

____ are persons who share some aspect of their status in common,such as age.

Accepted Answer

Peers are individuals who share a common characteristic, such as age or social status. This can include classmates, colleagues, or members of the same community. Peers often serve as a source of support, validation, and social comparison for one another.

Question 3

Layla and Gregory are both 4 years old and playmates at the same daycare center.Which of the following best describes their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Peers refers to individuals who are of a similar age or have similar characteristics or experiences. In this case, Layla and Gregory are described as being the same age and playmates, indicating that they are peers. Admirers would suggest a one-sided relationship where one person looks up to the other. Confidants imply a close and trusting relationship, while neighbors may suggest proximity but not necessarily a close relationship.

Question 4

During early childhood,in what ways do children change in terms of play? Their play becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, children's play becomes more sex-segregated, meaning boys are more likely to play with boys and girls with girls, often engaging in activities that are stereotypically associated with their gender.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes relational aggression?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression is a form of non-physical aggression that involves damaging or manipulating social relationships, often through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or rumor-spreading. It is not typically intended to cause physical harm or pain, but rather to inflict emotional harm and damage one's reputation among peers.

Question 6

Across cultures,aggression is frequently a component of children's play in early and middle childhood,especially for boys.According to the textbook,this type of aggressive play helps to establish ____.

Accepted Answer

Aggressive play among boys helps to establish a dominance hierarchy, where certain children are seen as more dominant or powerful than others. This hierarchy can then influence social interactions outside of play and can shape children's understanding of social relationships and power dynamics. Option A is partially correct but doesn't capture the full significance of aggressive play in establishing a hierarchy among peers. Options C and D are not accurate descriptions of what is established through aggressive play.

Question 7

What expression of aggression involves hitting,kicking,pushing,or striking someone with an object?

Accepted Answer

Physical aggression involves using physical force such as hitting, kicking, pushing, or striking someone with an object. This type of aggression can cause physical harm and injury to the person being attacked.

Question 8

Numerous studies have determined that boys play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that boys tend to engage in more rough and tumble play, high-activity play, and aggressive play in their play groups compared to girls. This type of play is often associated with physicality, competition, and dominance.

Question 9

Why is early childhood a crucial time for addressing physical aggression? When aggression is still high at the end of early childhood,____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that persistent physical aggression in early childhood is a strong predictor of later aggressive behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, it is crucial to address and intervene in physical aggression during this period to prevent the development of long-term behavioral issues. Options A, B, and D may also be true to some extent, but option C is the most accurate and directly related to the question.

Question 10

What expression of aggression involves yelling,calling others names,or teasing?

Accepted Answer

Verbal aggression includes yelling, name-calling, teasing, and any other form of verbal communication meant to harm another person.

Question 11

____ is/are slightly more common in girls than boys,and ____ is/are slightly more common in boys than girls.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that verbal and relational aggression are slightly more common in girls than boys, while physical aggression is slightly more common in boys than in girls.

Question 12

How common is it for adults to play with children outside of the West?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How common is it for adults to...

Question 13

Numerous studies have determined that girls play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that girls' play tends to be more focused on quiet play, role playing, fantasy, and cooperative play. They are more likely to engage in social play and collaborate in creating imaginary scenarios.

Question 14

Your nephew has always had a difficult personality.He is now in early childhood and is very aggressive in most things that he does.Your sister is very concerned and asks you what your thoughts are.You tell her that ____.

Accepted Answer

Aggressive behavior in early childhood is a predictor of aggression in adolescence and adulthood. It is important for parents to address and intervene in aggressive behavior during early childhood to prevent further issues in the future.

Question 15

What type of aggression is involved when a child wants something and uses aggressive behavior or words to get it?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented and used as a means to achieve a desired outcome, such as obtaining a toy or gaining a privilege. In this scenario, the child's use of aggressive behavior or words to get something they want is an example of instrumental aggression.

Question 16

In the United States,the total time devoted to media use for children ages 2 to 8 is about __ hours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States,the total time devoted...

Question 17

Boys are consistently more ____ aggressive than girls,in earlier childhood and throughout the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that boys are more physically aggressive than girls. While girls may engage in more social and psychological forms of aggression, such as gossip or exclusion, physical aggression is more commonly exhibited by boys. This pattern is observed in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan.

Question 18

What type of aggression involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through exclusion and malicious gossip?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression involves using exclusion and malicious gossip to harm someone's reputation among their peers, rather than physical harm or direct confrontation.

Question 19

Sophia and Yvette are playing with dolls when suddenly a third playmate,Cameron,grabs Sophia's doll,throws it on the ground,and stomps on it,while telling Yvette that Sophia's dolls are smelly and dirty.Cameron is demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

Cameron's actions are motivated by a desire to harm Sophia's doll and insult Sophia indirectly by calling her dolls dirty and smelly. This is an example of a hostile aggression, which involves a strong emotional reaction and a desire to hurt someone or something. Focused aggression is typically targeted at a specific object or person, while bilateral aggression involves two or more individuals engaging in aggression towards each other. Vicious aggression suggests extreme violence or brutality, which is not necessarily implied in this scenario.

Question 20

____ involves using aggressive behaviors to get an item that is wanted,whereas ____ is aggressive behavior that is intended to inflict pain or harm to another person.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression involves using aggressive behaviors to achieve a specific goal, such as obtaining an item that one wants. Hostile aggression, on the other hand, is motivated by feelings of anger and aims to inflict pain or harm on another person.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood