Question 1

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure as during hemorrhage A)an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption B)a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure would activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. This would ultimately lead to an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption in order to increase blood volume and raise blood pressure.

Question 2

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and both actively re-absorbed and actively secreted. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions (K⁺) are filtered by the kidneys and undergo both active reabsorption and active secretion in the renal tubules.

Question 3

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

Inulin is a substance that is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted, making it an ideal marker for measuring glomerular filtration rate.

Answer: D 
 Plasma proteins are large molecules that are also filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted, making them a marker for kidney function.

Answer: E 
 Urea is filtered and partially reabsorbed in the kidneys, making it a less reliable marker for kidney function compared to substances like inulin or plasma proteins.

Question 4

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
A)renin
B)angiotensinogen
C)angiotensin I
D)angiotensin II
E)aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone is the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Answer: B
 Angiotensinogen is not secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is produced by the liver and released into the circulation, where it is converted into angiotensin I.

Answer: C
 Angiotensin I is not secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is formed from angiotensinogen by the action of renin, which is produced by cells in the kidneys.

Answer: D
 Angiotensin II is not secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is formed from angiotensin I by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

Answer: F
 Atrial natriuretic peptide is not secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is produced and secreted by cells in the atria of the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure.

Question 5

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Is acted upon by renin.
A)renin
B)angiotensinogen
C)angiotensin I
D)angiotensin II
E)aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

Angiotensinogen is acted upon by renin to form angiotensin I in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Question 6

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Not filtered. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the substance with its process by...

Question 7

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a reduction in ECF volume A)an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption B)a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A reduction in ECF volume triggers the release of renin, which ultimately leads to an increase in angiotensin II and aldosterone production. Both of these hormones stimulate Na⁺ reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to an increase in overall reabsorption.

Question 8

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Administration of diuretics ______ urine output.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

Diuretics increase urine output by promoting the excretion of water and electrolytes from the body.

Question 9

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

K⁺ is a type of chemical signal that promotes aldosterone secretion. Therefore, an increase in K⁺ in body fluids will increase aldosterone secretion.

Question 10

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Directly stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal and collecting tubules. A)renin B)angiotensinogen C)angiotensin I D)angiotensin II E)aldosterone F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone directly stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal and collecting tubules.

Question 11

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -reabsorbed when H+ is secreted A)urea B)creatinine C)uric acid D)Na⁺ E)glucose

Accepted Answer

When H+ is secreted in the kidneys, Na+ is often reabsorbed to maintain the balance of charge and osmolarity in the renal tubules.

Question 12

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the substance with its process by...

Question 13

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and actively reabsorbed but not secreted. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

Glucose is filtered in the kidneys and then actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, but it is not secreted.

Question 14

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a detoxified ammonia compound A)urea B)creatinine C)uric acid D)Na⁺ E)glucose

Accepted Answer

Urea is a detoxified ammonia compound that is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine by mammals and certain fish. Answer: B Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle and is excreted in urine at a constant rate, making it a useful indicator of kidney function. Answer: C Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found in many foods, and is excreted in urine by birds, reptiles, and some mammals. Answer: E Glucose is a simple sugar that is normally present in the blood and is filtered out by the kidneys, but is usually reabsorbed back into the bloodstream before it is excreted in urine. The presence of glucose in urine (glycosuria) may be a sign of diabetes or other conditions. Answer: D Na⁺ is not a known compound or characteristic of the urinary system.

Question 15

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and passively reabsorbed. A)K⁺ B)glucose C)inulin D)plasma protein E)urea F)H⁺

Accepted Answer

Urea is filtered in the kidneys and then passively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Question 16

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a reduction in total Na? load in the body A)an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption B)a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A reduction in total Na+ load in the body would ultimately lead to an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. This is because a decrease in total Na+ load in the body would indicate that there is a lack of Na+ available for reabsorption, and therefore the body would increase its reabsorption of Na+ to compensate.

Question 17

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ renin secretion. A)increases B)decreases C)has no effect on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate whether the first item in the...

Question 18

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -reabsorbed actively and passively A)urea B)creatinine C)uric acid D)Na⁺ E)glucose

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic.
-reabsorbed...

Question 19

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism A)urea B)creatinine C)uric acid D)Na⁺ E)glucose

Accepted Answer

Uric acid is a nitrogen waste product that results from the metabolism of purines, which are components of RNA.

Question 20

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -protein metabolite of skeletal muscle tissue A)urea B)creatinine C)uric acid D)Na⁺ E)glucose

Accepted Answer

Creatinine is a protein metabolite of skeletal muscle tissue and is a waste product produced during the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the muscles. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Urea is a waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of proteins, while uric acid is a waste product produced during the breakdown of purines. Na⁺ and glucose are not urinary system features or waste products.

Quiz 13: The Urinary System

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure as during hemorrhage

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and both actively re-absorbed and actively secreted.

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is acted upon by renin.

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Not filtered.

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a reduction in ECF volume

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Administration of diuretics ______ urine output.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Directly stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal and collecting tubules.

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -reabsorbed when H+ is secreted

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed.

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and actively reabsorbed but not secreted.

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a detoxified ammonia compound

Match the substance with its process by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -Filtered and passively reabsorbed.

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase, or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. -a reduction in total Na? load in the body

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ renin secretion.

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -reabsorbed actively and passively

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -protein metabolite of skeletal muscle tissue