Question 1

Research on multiple roles and stress among working parents indicates that men and women report being distressed by similar types of events.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Recent studies have suggested that psychobiological reactivity to stress is an important factor in determining the likelihood that stress will contribute to disease

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have indeed suggested that psychobiological reactivity to stress is an important factor in determining the likelihood that stress will contribute to disease. This is because certain physiological and psychological responses to stress (such as increased heart rate, cortisol release, and inflammation) can have negative effects on the body over time and increase the risk for various health issues.

Question 3

The perception of work overload shows a stronger relationship to physical health complaints and psychological distress than do objective measurements of workload.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that subjective perceptions of work overload have a stronger association with negative health outcomes compared to objective workload measures. This suggests that an individual's perception of their workload may be more important than the actual workload they are assigned in predicting negative effects on physical and mental health.

Question 4

Who of the following is MOST likely to experience illness due to the stress associated with their job?

Accepted Answer

Susie's job is likely to cause more stress than the other options due to her long working hours and low-paying position, which may cause financial strain. Additionally, being a single parent may add more responsibilities and stress. Both of these factors increase her likelihood of experiencing illness due to job-related stress.

Question 5

African-American men are more likely to die from a heart attack than are white men.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to research studies. Various factors such as higher rates of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes among African-American men contribute to this health disparity. It highlights the importance of addressing health inequities and promoting cardiovascular health in underserved communities.

Question 6

Some working parents cope well with their multiple roles,whereas others do not.Explain the factors that are associated with positive and negative outcomes in juggling family and work roles.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome,the organism makes efforts to cope with the threat.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM)and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

The effects of unemployment

Accepted Answer

Unemployment has both psychological and physical effects such as depression, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, insomnia, and even physical symptoms like headaches and high blood pressure. Social support can mitigate the negative effects of unemployment to some extent, but it does not make them completely unaffected. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 10

Chronic strain is strongly related to depression.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that chronic strain, which is defined as ongoing stress and adversity, can lead to an increased risk of developing depression. This is because chronic stress can negatively impact the brain and other areas of the body, leading to changes in behavior, mood, and overall mental health.

Question 11

The Stressful Life Events (SLE)inventory currently is the most commonly used paper-and-pencil measure of stress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Stressful Life Events (SLE)inventory currently is...

Question 12

Researchers investigating the effects of multiple roles on women conclude that

Accepted Answer

The researchers conclude that having outside employment can be beneficial for women's well-being, having control and flexibility over the work environment reduces stress, and having adequate child care reduces stress. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 13

The earliest contribution to stress research was Hans Selye's fight-or-flight response.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the fight-or-flight response was first described by Walter Cannon in the early 20th century, before Hans Selye's research on stress and the General Adaptation Syndrome.

Question 14

Research suggests that habituation may not occur after exposure to long-term stressors and that the immune system may be compromised by long-term stress.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have shown that habituation, which is the decrease in response to a repeated stimuli over time, may not occur after exposure to long-term stressors. Additionally, prolonged exposure to stress can also lead to a compromised immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses and infections.

Question 15

A group of friends is discussing the different ways in which life can "get at you." Pat says it's the milestones in life that are most stressful,illustrating this point by describing several traumatic divorces and untimely deaths from which family members have yet to recover.On the other hand,Lee asserts that it's the little,constant annoyances in life that are most harmful to psychological and physical health,citing the annoyance experienced while commuting to work every day or coping with an intrusive landlord.Evaluate both of these arguments,citing research from the text.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Who of the following is LEAST likely to experience illness due to the stress associated with their job?

Accepted Answer

Miranda, being a lawyer with flexible hours and a supportive family structure, is likely to have more resources and support to manage stress, reducing the likelihood of stress-related illness.

Question 17

Describe Lazarus's model of the role of psychological appraisal in the experience of stress.Explain how this model addresses the cognitive and emotional responses to stress.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Allostatic load is the long-term costs of chronic or repeated stress.

Accepted Answer

Allostatic load refers to the cumulative physiological wear and tear on the body as a result of chronic or repeated stress. This can lead to long-term health problems, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and mental health issues.

Question 19

Answer the text's question "What makes events stressful?"

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

For men,_______________ moderates the stress-illness relationship.

Accepted Answer

All of these factors, including employment, marriage, and satisfaction with the parent role, can moderate the stress-illness relationship for men by providing social support, financial stability, and personal fulfillment.

Quiz 12: Psychological Issues in Advancing and Terminal Illness