Question 1

Many countries have exclusive economic zones (EEZs).How are these EEZs supposed to protect fish populations,and what are the problems with EEZs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many countries have exclusive economic zones (EEZs).How...

Question 2

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act is the primary law in the United States that governs marine fisheries.The act and subsequent amendments focus on________.

Accepted Answer

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act and subsequent amendments focus on rebuilding overfished fisheries, protecting ecosystems, reducing bycatch, and implementing catch share programs. Therefore, all of these answers are correct.

Question 3

__________ are discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation.

Accepted Answer

Marine-protected areas are discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation, such as fishing or oil drilling. They are established to conserve marine biodiversity and ecosystems, and may include national parks, marine sanctuaries, and other types of protected areas. Marine economic zones refer to the territorial seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) that countries have jurisdiction over for economic purposes, such as fishing and mineral extraction. Marine buffer zones are transitional areas between protected and unprotected marine areas, where buffer activities are allowed. Ocean habitat areas are regions designated for the protection of critical and vulnerable habitats that support marine species.

Question 4

Refer to the graph in Infographic 3.What does the figure show?

Accepted Answer

The figure in the graph shows the Marine Trophic Index (MTI) from 1950 to 2006. The MTI is a measure of the average trophic level of fish caught in a given year and is an indicator of the status of a marine ecosystem. The decreasing trend in the MTI suggests that higher-trophic-level fish populations have been depleted over time.

Question 5

Refer to the graph in Infographic 2.Adult cod are quite large and live close to the sea floor.They eat a wide variety of fish,as well as mussels,squid,and crab.Their diet and early life-cycle stages depend on a seabed with a complex structure.Spawning schools of more than a hundred million fish have been observed,and the average female can spawn millions of eggs.How is it possible that in 1992 the Canadian government had to close the cod fishery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph in Infographic 2.Adult...

Question 6

The Marine Stewardship Council defines a sustainable fishery as one that ensures that __________________.

Accepted Answer

A sustainable fishery must ensure that fish stocks are not overfished and maintained at healthy levels, the ecosystem is fully functional, and fishing activities do not threaten biological diversity. The Marine Stewardship Council uses a set of standards to evaluate fisheries and certify them as sustainable based on these criteria.

Question 7

More than half of the world's fisheries are at ___________ yield,the amount of fish that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years.

Accepted Answer

Maximum sustainable yield is the amount of fish that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years. If a fishery is at maximum sustainable yield, it means it is being managed sustainably and the population of fish is stable. Overexploitation, depletion, and bycatch are all potential issues associated with unsustainable fishing practices. "Fishery maximum" is not a commonly used term in fisheries management.

Question 8

The Marine Trophic Index has decreased dramatically since 1990.What does this statement mean?

Accepted Answer

The Marine Trophic Index (MTI) is a measure of the average trophic level of a fishery's or ecosystem's catch. A decrease in MTI indicates that higher-level predators, such as sharks, tuna, and billfish, are declining in numbers. This can be due to overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, and other human activities that disturb the natural balance of marine ecosystems. Invasive species and whale numbers are not directly related to the MTI.

Question 9

Refer to the Marine Food Pyramid in Infographic 3.The overfishing of which trophic level would most greatly affect that ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the Marine Food Pyramid in...

Question 10

Overfishing of upper-trophic-level fish has led to humans seeking new species to harvest at lower trophic levels.This is called fishing __________.

Accepted Answer

Fishing down the food chain refers to the practice of targeting species that are lower on the food chain, such as anchovies or sardines, to offset the decline in populations of larger, upper-trophic-level fish like tuna or salmon due to overfishing.

Question 11

One of the major problems of managing marine fisheries is the amount of illegal,unreported,and unregulated fishing.It is estimated that the revenue from these practices is _______ annually.

Accepted Answer

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the estimated amount of revenue lost annually due to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is between $4 to $9 billion.

Question 12

Compared with 1950,only ______ of the large fish like tuna,cod,and halibut remain in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

Studies and reports from marine scientists and organizations indicate that only about 10% of the large fish populations remain in the oceans compared to their numbers in 1950, due to overfishing and other environmental pressures.

Question 13

Many nations have tried to protect their fisheries by the creation of ______,which extend 200 nautical miles from the coastline and give exclusive rights over marine resources.

Accepted Answer

Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) are established by nations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. These zones extend 200 nautical miles from the coastal baseline and give the country exclusive rights over marine resources within that zone, including fisheries. The other answer choices are either not accurate or not as specific to the creation of exclusive rights for fisheries.

Question 14

The difference between a marine-protected area and a marine reserve is __________.

Accepted Answer

Marine reserves are a type of marine-protected area where no fishing or extractive activities are allowed, offering the highest level of protection to marine ecosystems within their boundaries.

Question 15

Refer to Infographic 3.What can cause a marine food pyramid to look like the one shown in the figure? What effects can it have on the fishing industry and on the ability of top-trophic-level fish to recover?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to Infographic 3.What can cause a...

Question 16

Explain the difference between a marine-protected area and a marine reserve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between a marine-protected area...

Question 17

What percent of global marine fisheries are overexploited?

Accepted Answer

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, approximately 29% of global marine fisheries are overexploited.

Question 18

As a marine biologist,you notice that the coral reefs around the Florida Keys are depleting rapidly.Which of the following choices would be MOST effective in protecting the coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a marine biologist,you notice that the...

Question 19

Refer to Infographic 4.The figure shows fish catches in the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf area of the North Atlantic.Describe the shift in the species and amounts taken in 1968,1990,and 2005.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to Infographic 4.The figure shows fish...

Question 20

What is the tragedy of the commons? How do fishing technology and the tragedy of the commons intersect to jeopardize global fisheries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the tragedy of the commons?...

Quiz 25: Fisheries and Aquaculture Fish in a Warehouse