Question 1

The U.S.Supreme Court decision that accelerated the trend toward adoption of the defense of life standard, which greatly restricts the use of deadly force by police officers, was

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court decision that accelerated the trend toward adoption of the defense of life standard, which greatly restricts the use of deadly force by police officers, was Tennessee v. Garner. In this case, the Court ruled that the use of deadly force to stop a fleeing suspect was only constitutional if the officer had probable cause to believe that the suspect posed a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others. This decision greatly restricted the use of deadly force by police officers and established the defense of life standard as a legal principle in the use of force by law enforcement.

Question 2

What is the largest minority group in America?

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanics/Latinos are the largest minority group in America, making up 18.5% of the population as of 2020. African Americans make up 12.4% of the population, Asians make up 6% of the population, and Haitians are a small subgroup of the African American population.

Question 3

Stereotyping minorities as criminal suspects can be reinforced by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stereotyping minorities as criminal suspects can be...

Question 4

When minority citizens argue that they do not have enough police protection, they are complaining about

Accepted Answer

When minority citizens argue that they do not have enough police protection, they are complaining about under-protection by the police, meaning they believe that they do not receive enough police presence or assistance in their community.

Question 5

Edward Garner was

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about what happened to Edward Garner. Only option C states that he was shot and killed by police in Memphis, Tennessee. The other options are incorrect.

Question 6

The greatest source of tensions between the police and racial minorities are

Accepted Answer

Police field practices, such as racial profiling, use of excessive force, and aggressive tactics, have been identified as the primary source of tensions between the police and racial minorities. Studies have shown that these practices disproportionately affect people of color and lead to mistrust and negative perceptions of law enforcement within these communities.

Question 7

A police crime-control strategy designed to both apprehend offenders and send a message of deterrence to people on the street is

Accepted Answer

Field interrogations are a strategy used by police to both apprehend offenders and send a message of deterrence to people on the street by questioning individuals about their activities or reasons for being in a specific area.

Question 8

The purpose of having a diverse work force within a police organization is

Accepted Answer

All of these reasons are valid and important for having a diverse work force within a police organization. Ending unlawful employment discrimination is a necessary step towards creating a fair and just workplace, while hiring minority officers can improve the quality of police services and reduce discriminatory behavior. Additionally, having a diverse work force can help to alter the police subculture by promoting greater understanding and empathy between officers of different backgrounds.

Question 9

The two most important specific programs that police departments have adopted for improving police-community relations have been

Accepted Answer

Creating police-community relations units and providing related training to officers has been the most common and effective program adopted by police departments to improve police-community relations. This includes initiatives such as community policing, problem-oriented policing, and procedural justice training. While some departments may also have citizens advisory boards or race relations committees, these are not as widespread or impactful as the training and units specifically focused on improving police-community relations. The creation of race relations task forces or mobile patrols may also be a part of these units or training programs. Therefore, option D, "all of these," is not incorrect, but A is the most specific and accurate choice.

Question 10

The ability to understand and respond appropriately to differences in the languages, traditions, lifestyles, and patterns of communication in different racial or ethnic groups is known as

Accepted Answer

Cultural competence refers to the ability to understand and respond appropriately to differences in the languages, traditions, lifestyles, and patterns of communication in different racial or ethnic groups. Multicultural acceptance and ethnic recognition may be related to cultural competence but do not fully capture the concept. Cross-cultural diversity is a related concept but does not specifically refer to the ability to respond appropriately to differences in racial or ethnic groups.

Question 11

This author found that 73 percent of the police officers thought that the public was "against the police, or hates the police."

Accepted Answer

In his 1957 book "Violence and the Police," William Westley found that 73 percent of the police officers he interviewed believed that the public was "against the police, or hates the police." This finding has been cited and discussed in many subsequent studies and debates about police-community relations.

Question 12

The most serious examples of racial profiling that have been documented involve traffic stops by state police officers on interstate highways in

Accepted Answer

Studies and investigations have shown that racial profiling during traffic stops on interstate highways is particularly prevalent in Maryland and New Jersey, with African American drivers being stopped and searched at disproportionately higher rates than white drivers.

Question 13

A 1997 survey found that the majority of ___________had a favorable attitude toward the police with respect to the use of force.

Accepted Answer

This answer is based on the fact that the question is asking for the majority, and historically, studies have shown that white Americans tend to have a more favorable view of the police. However, it is important to note that attitudes towards the police and use of force are complex and vary within and across racial/ethnic groups.

Question 14

Most complaints about police harassment come from

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that young males are most likely to experience police harassment and discrimination, particularly those who are black or Hispanic. This group may be seen as more threatening or perceived as engaging in criminal behavior more often, resulting in disproportionate targeting by police.

Question 15

The name of the commission created to investigate the Los Angeles Police Department after the 1991 Rodney King incident was

Accepted Answer

The commission created to investigate the Los Angeles Police Department after the Rodney King incident was the Christopher Commission.

Question 16

Many police departments have abandoned their ride-along programs because

Accepted Answer

The passage states that many police departments have abandoned their ride-along programs "because the program tends to attract only those persons who already have a favorable attitude toward the police and does not reach those who have complaints." This suggests that the program may not be effective in engaging with or changing the attitudes of those who have negative feelings toward the police.

Question 17

Officers are more likely to use force against criminal suspects.Officers are also more likely to use force against male suspects.In other words, police use of force is more likely to be associated with certain

Accepted Answer

Situational factors refer to the specific circumstances or context in which an event occurs, such as the nature of the incident or the characteristics of the suspect, like gender, which can influence the likelihood of police using force.

Question 18

How does tolerating vice crimes harm low-income and racial minority communities?

Accepted Answer

Tolerating vice crimes can lead to a variety of harms, including breeding disrespect for the law and police due to corruption, the emergence of physical brutality, and under-enforcement of the law, which exposes law-abiding citizens to dangerous criminal activities. These harms disproportionately affect low-income and racial minority communities, making it essential to address vice crimes and their impact on these groups.

Question 19

Police departments have generally adopted a scale indicating the levels of force used for particular situations.The scale is called the

Accepted Answer

The use of force continuum is the commonly used scale indicating the levels of force used for particular situations by police departments. This scale helps officers make decisions about the level of force necessary in a given situation, based on the circumstances and the threat level observed. While some departments may use variations or different terminology, the use of force continuum is widely recognized and utilized in law enforcement.

Question 20

Relative to their numbers in the population

Accepted Answer

According to multiple studies and statistics, African Americans are arrested at a higher rate than whites relative to their numbers in the population. While the exact reasons for this disparity are complex and debated, the trend of disproportionate arrests of African Americans is consistent across various states and regions.

Quiz 12: Legitimacy and Community Relations