Question 1

Sleep spindles appear during ________ slee
A)stage 1
B)REM
C)stage 2
D)stage 4

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are a characteristic feature of non-REM sleep and appear during stage 2 sleep.

Question 2

Circadian rhythms are controlled by the ___________.
A)pineal gland
B)suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
C)thalamus
D)hippocampus

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. The pineal gland releases the hormone melatonin, which is involved in regulating sleep/wake cycles, but it does so under the control of the SCN. The thalamus and hippocampus are not directly involved in controlling circadian rhythms.

Question 3

The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the __________.
A)optical nerve
B)frontal lobe
C)hypothalamus
D)median forebrain bundle

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that controls the sleep-wake cycle through its regulation of the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters that promote or inhibit sleep.

Question 4

Short,rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during stage 2 sleep are called __________.
A)delta waves
B)sleep spindles
C)paradoxical sleep waves
D)beta waves

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are short bursts of rhythmic brainwave activity that occur during stage 2 sleep. Delta waves occur during the deepest stage of sleep, while paradoxical sleep waves (also known as REM sleep) occur during the stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements. Beta waves are associated with wakefulness and alertness rather than sleep.

Question 5

Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?
A)electromyograph (EMG)
B)electrocardiograph (EKG)
C)electro-oculograph (EOG)
D)electroencephalograph (EEG)

Accepted Answer

A sleep researcher would use an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves. EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain, indicating different stages of sleep and can provide valuable insight into sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and insomnia.  The other devices mentioned - electromyograph (EMG), electrocardiograph (EKG), and electro-oculograph (EOG) measure muscle activity, heart activity, and eye movements respectively, but do not measure brain activity.

Question 6

__________,a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms,is secreted by the pineal gland.
A)Serotonin
B)Testosterone
C)Estrogen
D)Melatonin

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland that is involved in regulating circadian rhythms, such as sleep-wake cycles. Serotonin is also produced by the pineal gland but does not play a role in circadian rhythm regulation. Testosterone and estrogen are hormones produced by the gonads and are not secreted by the pineal gland.

Question 7

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual needs as a function of age?
A)We require more sleep as we age.
B)As we age,we tend to need less sleep.
C)We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood,less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood,and then more sleep in middle and older age.
D)The amount of sleep we require solely depends on individual difference variables.

Accepted Answer

As people age, they generally need less sleep. Infants and young children require more sleep, while adults and older adults typically need less.

Question 8

What aspect of circadian rhythms might explain why we tend to feel so tired at night?
A)Body temperature bottoms out on Monday mornings.
B)The three biorhythm patterns converge at low points on Mondays.
C)Heart rates typically increase at night.
D)There is an organ in the brain sensitive to light changes,which then affects our sleepiness.

Accepted Answer

Our circadian rhythms are regulated by an organ in the brain known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is sensitive to changes in light. When it gets dark outside, the SCN signals the release of the hormone melatonin, which makes us feel sleepy. Therefore, the sensitivity of the SCN to light changes might explain why we tend to feel tired at night.

Question 9

If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles,you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?
A)REM
B)stage 1
C)stage 2
D)stage 4

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are a characteristic feature of stage 2 sleep. They are brief bursts of brain activity that occur during this stage of sleep. They are typically seen on an EEG as a series of rapid, high-frequency waves.

Question 10

You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple-just put on a tape and fall aslee
A)Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language?
B)What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep?
C)Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes?
D)Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You see an advertisement for a method...

Question 11

If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep,then you were most likely in which stage of sleep?
A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Slow wave sleep

Accepted Answer

Being awoken from Stage 1 sleep can give the feeling of not having slept at all, as this stage is the transition from wakefulness to sleep and is a relatively short period of light sleep.

Question 12

Melatonin is to __________ as an aspirin is to ___________.
A)nausea; nightmare
B)nightmare; blood clots
C)insomnia; headache
D)sleep apnea; blood thinner

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep, so it is used to treat insomnia, whereas aspirin is a pain reliever often used to treat headaches. Therefore, melatonin is to insomnia as aspirin is to headache.

Question 13

The hormone melatonin reaches peak levels in the body during the ___________.
A)morning
B)early evening
C)afternoon
D)night

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that is released by the pineal gland in response to darkness and it helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin levels in the body reach their peak at night, which is why melatonin supplements are often used to aid sleep.

Question 14

REM sleep refers to _____________.
A)dreamless sleep
B)sleep induced by sleeping pills
C)sleep periods in which sleepwalking is likely
D)sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is a stage of sleep in which a person's eyes move rapidly, and is characterized by vivid dreaming.

Question 15

Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?
A)Most people need at least 10 hours.
B)Men need more sleep than women.
C)The amount of sleep people need varies from person to person depending on age and possibly inherited sleep needs.
D)Women need more sleep than men.

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep people need varies from person to person depending on age and possibly inherited sleep needs. It is not a one-size-fits-all answer and can vary from individual to individual. The other options (A, B, and D) are incorrect as they make generalized statements that are not necessarily true for everyone.

Question 16

You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult.The participant is hooked up to an EEG.What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then
Enters the first stage of sleep?
A)alpha waves eventually replaced by delta waves
B)delta waves eventually replaced by theta waves
C)alpha waves eventually replaced by theta waves
D)delta waves eventually replaced by beta waves

Accepted Answer

When a person becomes drowsy, alpha waves are observed in the EEG. As the person enters the first stage of sleep, the alpha waves are eventually replaced by theta waves. Delta waves are observed in deeper stages of sleep. Beta waves are observed when a person is awake and alert. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it correctly describes the sequence of brain wave patterns during the transition from drowsiness to the first stage of sleep.

Question 17

What term do sleep researchers use to designate stages 1-4 of sleep?
A)REM sleep
B)Non-REM sleep
C)REMN sleep
D)paradoxical sleep

Accepted Answer

Sleep researchers use the term Non-REM sleep to designate stages 1-4 of sleep. REM sleep, paradoxical sleep, and REMN sleep refer specifically to the stage of sleep where rapid eye movement and vivid dreaming occur.

Question 18

If the EEG record reveals evidence of very small and very fast waves,you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is ______________.
A)really not sleeping and is actually awake
B)in stage 2
C)in stage 3
D)in stage 4

Accepted Answer

Very small and very fast waves on an EEG are indicative of an awake state, as they represent beta waves, which are associated with alertness and active thinking.

Question 19

Upon just waking up,you report a vivid visual event.What term do psychologists use for such phenomena?
A)hypnic jerk
B)positive hallucination
C)hypnogogic image
D)hypnopompic image

Accepted Answer

Psychologists use the term "hypnogogic image" to refer to a vivid visual event that occurs upon just waking up. This is a type of hallucination that can occur during the transition from wakefulness to sleep.

Question 20

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)located?
A)The thalamus
B)The cerebellum
C)The basal ganglia
D)The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is located in the hypothalamus, specifically above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm, including the sleep-wake cycle, hormone production, and other physiological functions.

Quiz 6: Consciousness and Cognition

Sleep spindles appear during ________ slee

Circadian rhythms are controlled by the ___________.

The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the __________.

Short,rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during stage 2 sleep are called __________.

Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?

__________,a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms,is secreted by the pineal gland.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual needs as a function of age?

What aspect of circadian rhythms might explain why we tend to feel so tired at night?

If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles,you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?

You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple-just put on a tape and fall aslee

If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep,then you were most likely in which stage of sleep?

Melatonin is to as an aspirin is to _.

The hormone melatonin reaches peak levels in the body during the ___________.

REM sleep refers to _____________.

Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?

You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult.The participant is hooked up to an EEG.What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then Enters the first stage of sleep?

What term do sleep researchers use to designate stages 1-4 of sleep?

If the EEG record reveals evidence of very small and very fast waves,you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is ______________.

Upon just waking up,you report a vivid visual event.What term do psychologists use for such phenomena?

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?