Question 1

Memory trace decay theory assumes the presence of a physical memory trace that decays with disuse over time.

Accepted Answer

Memory trace decay theory proposes that memories are stored as physical traces in the brain and that these traces decay with time and disuse, leading to forgetting.

Question 2

Memory for fear of objects is most likely stored in the cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

Memory for fear of objects is primarily stored in the amygdala, not the cerebellum. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and some aspects of memory and learning, but not fear conditioning.

Question 3

When old information interferes with the retrieval of newer information,this is called retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of older information.

Question 4

When Greg tried to remember the name of his employer's wife,he had trouble getting the right name.At first he thought it might be Sandy or Candy but finally realized that it was Mandy.Greg's confusion is evidence that short-term memories are primarily encoded in __________ form.
A)acoustic
B)visual
C)tactile
D)optical

Accepted Answer

Greg's difficulty recalling the name suggests that he encoded the name based on its sound or acoustic features rather than its visual or tactile features.

Question 5

Encoding failure is often the reason some memories cannot be retrieved,because they were never actually encoded in the first place.

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure occurs when information is not properly processed and transferred into long-term memory, leading to difficulty in retrieval later on. It is a common reason for forgetting, especially for mundane and routine information that we don't pay much attention to at the time of encoding.

Question 6

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the cerebellum,whereas short-term memories are stored in the prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that the cerebellum plays a crucial role in the creation and consolidation of procedural memories, while the prefrontal and temporal lobes are involved in the storage of short-term and working memories.

Question 7

Memory can best be described as __________.
A)a series of storage bins or boxes.
B)a process of storage.
C)an active system that encodes,stores,and retrieves information.
D)a series of passive data files.

Accepted Answer

Memory involves an active process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information, rather than just being a series of passive data files or storage bins.

Question 8

Roberta looked up from her book,realizing that Joaquin had just said something to her.What was it? Oh,yes,he had just asked her if she wanted to go out to dinner.Roberta's ability to retrieve what Joaquin said is due to her __________.
A)iconic sensory memory.
B)echoic sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)tactile sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory is the sensory memory responsible for processing auditory information, such as the words Joaquin said to Roberta. This memory lasts for a few seconds, which is long enough for Roberta to retrieve what Joaquin said after looking up from her book. The other options are not applicable to the situation.

Question 9

The duration of echoic memory is __________ than iconic memory,but its capacity is probably __________.
A)shorter; larger.
B)longer; smaller.
C)longer; about the same.
D)shorter; about the same.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The duration of echoic memory is __________...

Question 10

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older information interferes with the retrieval of newer information, not the other way around. The scenario described is an example of retroactive interference.

Question 11

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the hippocampus,whereas short-term memories are stored in the occipital and temporal lobes of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Procedural memories are stored in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, whereas short-term memories are stored in the prefrontal cortex. The hippocampus is involved in the consolidation and retrieval of long-term memories.

Question 12

In anterograde amnesia,memory for anything new becomes impossible,although old memories may still be retrievable.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia affects the ability to form new memories, but does not necessarily affect the retrieval of old memories.

Question 13

Researchers have identified the cause of Alzheimer's disease as a decrease in the tangles of gamma-amyloid protein deposits in the brain

Accepted Answer

The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a complex interaction between genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. One of the hallmarks of the disease is the buildup of beta-amyloid protein deposits and tau protein tangles in the brain, which lead to the loss of brain cells and cognitive decline.

Question 14

Luria's mnemonist suffered from the problem of not being able to forget trivial things.

Accepted Answer

Luria's mnemonist, known as S, had a nearly perfect memory and could recall insignificant details from decades ago, indicating the problem of not being able to forget trivial things.

Question 15

In the __________ model of memory,memories are simultaneously created and stored across a mental network.
A)levels-of-processing
B)parallel distributed processing
C)transfer-appropriate processing
D)information-processing

Accepted Answer

The parallel distributed processing model of memory proposes that memories are stored and created across a network of neurons in the brain, where each node represents a specific concept or piece of information. This model suggests that memories are not stored in specific locations, but rather are distributed and interconnected throughout the brain. The other options listed are different models of memory, but do not specifically describe the simultaneous creation and storage of memories in a distributed network.

Question 16

ECT,or electroconvulsive shock therapy,can disrupt consolidation and cause retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

ECT involves inducing seizures in the brain, which can disrupt the consolidation of memories and cause retrograde amnesia, or difficulty in recalling memories prior to the treatment.

Question 17

Although Sperling found evidence that iconic memory lasts about half a second,in reality information gets pushed out rather quickly by newer information.Evidence suggests that iconic memory really lasts about __________ of a second.
A)three quarters
B)half
C)one quarter
D)one tenth

Accepted Answer

While Sperling's research suggested that iconic memory lasts about half a second, more recent studies have found that information is rapidly pushed out by newer information. This has led to the belief that iconic memory actually only lasts for around one quarter of a second.

Question 18

Memory trace decay theory can explain forgetting from sensory memory and short-term memory but does not adequately explain forgetting from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Memory trace decay theory posits that forgetting occurs due to the gradual weakening or fading of the memory trace over time. This can explain why we sometimes forget information from sensory memory and short-term memory, as these types of memory are thought to have limited capacity and duration. However, long-term memory is believed to have a virtually unlimited capacity and can store memories for years or even a lifetime. Therefore, memory trace decay theory cannot fully explain why we forget information from long-term memory as other factors such as interference and retrieval cues may play a larger role in forgetting from long-term memory.

Question 19

Semantic and episodic memories may be stored in the frontal and temporal lobes as well,but in different locations than short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic and episodic memories are considered long-term memories, which are primarily stored in the frontal and temporal lobes. Short-term memory, on the other hand, is primarily stored in the prefrontal cortex and other areas of the brain that are involved in attention and active processing. Therefore, semantic and episodic memories may be stored in the same general regions as short-term memory, but in different locations within those regions.

Question 20

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia found in adults and the elderly.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease accounts for over 60% of dementia cases.

Quiz 5: Memory