Question 1

The spouse of a patient with terminal cancer is refusing pain medication for the patient because of previous experiences with soldiers who became addicted to pain medication.A nurse will need to focus on which internal variable when approaching this situation?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual background is a person's beliefs about health shaped in part by knowledge (or misinformation)about body functions and illnesses,educational background,and past experiences.Spirituality is reflected in how a person lives his or her life,including the values and beliefs exercised,the relationships established with family and friends,and the ability to find hope and meaning in life.A person's concept of illness depends on his or her developmental stage but this scenario is focused on misinformation,not the developmental stage.Family practices is an external variable,not an internal variable.

Question 2

Which will best assist a nurse in understanding a patient's use of tying a silver dollar to the stomach of a newborn infant to heal an umbilical hernia?

Accepted Answer

Cultural background influences a person's beliefs,values,and customs.It influences personal health practices.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs will not help the nurse to understand the behavior because this is a model to help prioritize care.The definition of health by the WHO will not help the nurse to understand the behavior because it is a definition.Primary prevention occurs before a sickness or dysfunction and includes immunizations.

Question 3

A patient with diabetes is diligent about testing blood sugar before meals.Which model is the nurse using when the nurse realizes the patient is taking preventative actions for health and represents the third component of this model?

Accepted Answer

The third component of the Health Belief model is the likelihood that a patient will take preventative action.The third component of the Basic Human Needs model (Maslow)is love and belonging.The Holistic Health model focuses on physical,social,psychological,and spiritual health and does not contain distinct "components." Tertiary prevention is not a health model.

Question 4

Which information by a patient indicates teaching by the nurse was successful for the best definition of health?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being,not merely the absence of disease or infirmary.People without disease are not necessarily healthy.Vital signs within normal range and maintenance of a normal weight do not encompass the holistic definition of health.

Question 5

A nurse teaches a patient about physiological risk factors.Which information by the patient indicates more teaching is needed?

Accepted Answer

The environment is not a physiological risk factor; the other options are physiological risk factors.Physiological risk factors involve the physical functioning of the body.For example,physical conditions such as pregnancy or obesity place increased stress on physiological systems.Heredity or genetic predisposition to specific illness is a major physical risk factor.

Question 6

A nurse working in a rural public health clinic is developing a smoking cessation program for patients in the county.This corresponds with Healthy People 2020's efforts to provide direction for health care efforts on what level?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a community program because it is for people in the county.Healthy People 2020 includes 600 objectives written in 42 topic areas to provide direction for health care efforts on an individual,community,and national level.National level would be directed at the entire United States.Individual would focus on one person.Family would focus on families.

Question 7

A nurse is assessing a patient's stage of behavioral change.Which statement by the patient will indicate to the nurse that the patient is in the preparation stage?

Accepted Answer

"I started to exercise regularly,but it didn't last long.I'll probably try again in a few weeks" is the preparation stage."I have a problem,and I really think I need to work on it" is the contemplation stage."I am really working hard to stop smoking" is the action stage."There is nothing that I really need to change" is the precontemplation stage.

Question 8

When assessing what influences a patient's health beliefs and practices,a nurse should consider both internal and external variables.Which is an example of an external variable?

Accepted Answer

Family practices is an external variable.Intellectual background,emotion factors,and spiritual factors are internal variable.

Question 9

To determine a patient's external variables for health beliefs and practices,which area should the nurse assess?

Accepted Answer

External variables for health beliefs and practices include family practices,socioeconomic factors,and cultural background.Emotional factors,intellectual background,and developmental stage represent internal variables.

Question 10

A nurse is assessing a patient's risk factors for heart disease and finds that the patient has several risk factors.How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a risk factor does not mean that a disease will develop,but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease.Although genetics can be a risk factor,it does not mean the patient has a genetic disease.The patient does not need surgery for heart disease because risk factors only increase the probability of the disease occurring.

Question 11

A nurse should emphasize health promotion,wellness strategies,and illness prevention activities as important forms of health care.Which is considered a health promotion strategy?

Accepted Answer

Routine exercise is done to promote health and is a health promotion strategy.Influenza immunization and tetanus booster are illness prevention strategies,whereas stress management is wellness education.

Question 12

A patient is drinking milk that has been fortified with vitamin D.Which type of health promotion strategy is the patient using?

Accepted Answer

With passive strategies of health promotion,individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves.For example,the city puts fluoride in the municipal drinking water,or milk manufacturers fortify homogenized milk with vitamin D.With active strategies of health promotion,individuals adopt specific health programs.Weight reduction and smoking cessation programs require patients to be actively involved in measures to improve their present and future levels of wellness while decreasing the risk for disease.Environmental and sociological do not relate to health promotion strategies.

Question 13

Upon taking a history of a patient,the nurse learns the patient smokes a pack of cigarettes per day.How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Accepted Answer

Negative health behaviors include activities that are harmful to health,including smoking.Health beliefs are a person's ideas,convictions,and attitudes about health and illness.Health promotion activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health and reduce their risks for developing certain diseases.The lowest level of needs on the hierarchy consists of very basic physiological needs such as oxygen,water,food,sleep,and sex.

Question 14

Which nursing action best represents primary prevention?

Accepted Answer

A healthy individual getting a flu shot is primary prevention.Primary prevention precedes disease or disability or dysfunction.Primary prevention aimed at health promotion includes health education programs,immunizations,and physical and nutritional fitness activities.Taking blood pressure medication every day is a secondary prevention because the patient is trying to prevent further complications.Physical therapy after a cerebrovascular accident is intended to prevent further complications and deterioration and is tertiary prevention.Instructing a patient to live with a known disability is tertiary prevention.

Question 15

A patient is depressed after a divorce and is not eating.The nurse is using Maslow to prioritize care.Which patient need should the nurse address first?

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow,individuals have to meet lower-level needs before they are able to satisfy higher-level needs.The lowest level on the hierarchy consists of very basic physiological needs such as oxygen,water,food (nutrition),sleep,and sex.The second level on the hierarchy consists of safety needs.The third level on the hierarchy is love and belongingness,which is a desire to belong to groups.The fourth level deals with the need for self-esteem.Depression is not a lower need but a higher need.

Question 16

A married father of four has recently been diagnosed with emphysema resulting from a long history of smoking.At a family counseling session a nurse helps the family to understand that this diagnosis is classified as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Chronic illness is one that lasts more than 6 months.Acute illness is short term and intense but resolves.Tertiary prevention strives to prevent complications and deterioration.Internal variables include a patient's developmental stage,and intellectual,emotional,and cultural background.

Question 17

A nurse who works in an inner-city health clinic is scheduling a day for student nurses to assist with a flu immunization clinic.Which of the following best describes this type of activity?

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention decreases the vulnerability of an individual (or population)to disease.Secondary prevention focuses on people who are experiencing health problems.Tertiary prevention occurs when a disability is permanent,irreversible,and stabilized.Health prevention is not a concept nurses promote,whereas health promotion or illness prevention are strategies nurses use.

Question 18

A patient with newly diagnosed diabetes is concerned about the risk for developing foot ulcers because the mother had a foot amputated as a result of the disease.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Health beliefs are a person's ideas and attitudes about health.Health promotion activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health and reduce their risks for developing certain diseases.Holistic health generally is a comprehensive view of a person as a biopsychosocial and spiritual being.Health practices are activities that individuals perform to care for themselves.

Question 19

Upon taking a health history from a patient,the nurse notices the patient uses positive health behaviors.Which behavior did the nurse find?

Accepted Answer

Positive health behaviors are activities related to maintaining,attaining,or regaining good health and preventing illness.Common positive health behaviors include getting immunizations,maintaining proper sleep patterns,getting adequate exercise,and eating healthy foods.Negative health behaviors include activities that are harmful to health such as smoking,abusing drugs or alcohol,following a poor diet,and refusing to take necessary medications.

Question 20

When teaching a 15-year-old patient with diverticulitis about foods that should be avoided,a nurse takes the stage of growth and development into consideration.Which factor or variable did the nurse take into consideration?

Accepted Answer

Internal variables include a person's stage of growth and development,intellectual background,emotional factors,and spiritual factors.External variables include family practices,socioeconomic factors,and cultural background.

Quiz 2: Health and Wellness