Question 1

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument "contagion theory," which suggests that behavior of individuals in crowds is irrational and contagious, leading to a loss of individuality and independent judgment.

Question 2

Led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP), a group of homeless people occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto.According to the textbook, what most likely sparked this action?

Accepted Answer

The most likely reason for the homeless people to occupy the abandoned building is deprivation, as they lack access to basic needs such as housing and may have been left with no other options.

Question 3

According to the text, which of the terms below refer to a citizen's right to a certain level of economic security and societal participation?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to a citizen's right to a certain level of economic security and societal participation is social citizenship. Civil citizenship relates to an individual's civil rights and protections; political citizenship relates to the right to participate in political processes and decision-making; and economic citizenship refers to the rights and protections afforded to individuals in the economic sphere, but does not necessarily encompass the broader societal participation aspect of social citizenship.

Question 4

Over the past 35 years, union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the United States.Why has this occurred?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over the past 35 years, union growth...

Question 5

Two hundred union workers at a college are able to exert considerable pressure on their employer because their union local is part of a national union of 500 000 workers.Why was the small union able to exert such pressure?

Accepted Answer

The small union is able to exert considerable pressure because it is part of a larger national union with a greater pool of resources, which includes leadership and coordination. This gives the smaller union greater leverage in negotiations with their employer.

Question 6

According to the textbook, to what stage have newer social movements been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Newer social movements in Canada have been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights to the stage of universal citizenship, emphasizing inclusivity and equal rights for all individuals regardless of their background.

Question 7

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C₂ gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?

Accepted Answer

The government's actions of calling in the National Guard and using violent tactics such as arresting peaceful protestors and using gas and rubber bullets are examples of social control. Social control refers to the ways in which society regulates behavior to maintain social order and conformity, often through formal and informal means of social control, such as law enforcement and punishment. In this case, the government was using its power to control and suppress dissenting voices and protests.

Question 8

Which of the following theories is a variant of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories is a...

Question 9

When contract negotiations break down between a union on a university campus and the university administration, which strategy is likely to be used by the union to extract concessions from the employer?

Accepted Answer

Withholding labour, or striking, is the primary tool that unions have to pressure employers to agree to their demands during contract negotiations. This can have a direct impact on the operations of the university and can create pressure on the administration to come to a resolution with the union. The other options may be used as secondary strategies in conjunction with striking, but they are not as effective in extracting concessions from the employer.

Question 10

Based on research by Charles Tilly and his colleagues, why did group violence increase in France when national elections were held?

Accepted Answer

Elections provided new political opportunities, which in turn could lead to increased group violence as different factions sought to leverage these opportunities to their advantage.

Question 11

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

Accepted Answer

In order for a social movement to emerge from collective actions, discontented people must establish an organizational base in order to coordinate and mobilize their efforts. While charismatic leadership may play a role in the movement, it is not necessary for it to emerge. Similarly, the concept of a reserve army of labor is more closely associated with Marxist theory and is not directly related to the emergence of social movements. Finally, while the goal of many social movements may be to establish equality for all members, this is not the precursor to the movement's emergence.

Question 12

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown theory suggests that social discontent can lead to collective action, especially when traditional social structures are perceived to fail, leading individuals to express their grievances in uncustomary or innovative ways.

Question 13

What is the right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada part of?

Accepted Answer

The right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada is a part of social citizenship, which includes access to social programs such as healthcare, education, and social assistance. Social citizenship is concerned with the provision of social welfare and the wellbeing of citizens.

Question 14

The mission of Canada Without Poverty (CWP) is to eradicate poverty by promoting income security and social security for all Canadians; however, unless this organization can mobilize resources through media awareness and recruiting activists among the poor, nothing will happen.What term best identifies what CWP has to do to be successful?

Accepted Answer

Frame alignment is the process by which organizations like CWP align their activities and goals with the values and beliefs of potential supporters to mobilize resources and support, which is essential for their success in eradicating poverty.

Question 15

According to the textbook, which of the following people is most likely to join a social movement?

Accepted Answer

The social worker working at a not-for-profit agency trying to establish subsidized housing for people with HIV/AIDS is likely to join a social movement because their work already aligns with the goals of social movements and they may be passionate about the cause. The local businessperson and the airline baggage handler may be concerned about issues, but they may not necessarily see themselves as directly affected or involved in a broader social movement. The government clerk's situation may be a form of personal discrimination rather than a systemic issue that a social movement would address.

Question 16

A group of citizens is concerned about a creosote plant that is being proposed within the limits of their city.The group asks local unions and the local chapter of the Council of Canadians if they can be allowed to speak at their next meetings to educate people about the issue.Which social movement theory discusses this type of strategy?

Accepted Answer

Frame alignment theory suggests that social movements mobilize individuals through the process of frame alignment, which involves linking individual values and beliefs to the movement's goals and ideologies. In this scenario, the citizens' group is seeking to align the values and beliefs of local unions and the Council of Canadians with their own in order to educate more people about the creosote plant proposal, which is a key aspect of frame alignment theory.

Question 17

What is the term for the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and justice before the law?

Accepted Answer

The term for the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and justice before the law is civil citizenship. Civil citizenship refers to the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a country, including the freedoms outlined in the question. Cultural engagement, political participation, and social action are related concepts, but do not encompass the specific rights listed.

Question 18

Which of the following concepts does the study of riots and other non-routine social behaviour illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The study of riots and other non-routine social behavior illustrates the concept of collective action, which refers to the actions taken by a group of individuals working together to achieve a common goal or to bring about change in their society. Riots often involve a large group of people coming together to protest or express their dissatisfaction with a particular issue or situation, and can be seen as an example of collective action. Economic sociology, political institutionalization, and demography are not directly related to the study of riots and other non-routine social behavior.

Question 19

Until the 1970s, what did many sociologists believe about the people who led social movements?

Accepted Answer

Until the 1970s, many sociologists believed that people who led social movements were likely to be socially marginal individuals, meaning they were outsiders or not fully integrated into mainstream society.

Question 20

After a flood, 300 people who had been displaced from their homes realized that only poor neighbourhoods had been flooded, and that the rich neighbourhoods had been protected from the water.The next day, the 300 displaced people marched on government offices demanding an explanation.According to the text, which of the following theories is supported by this event?

Accepted Answer

The event described in the text supports the relative deprivation theory, which suggests that people are more likely to protest when they perceive that they are relatively deprived compared to others. In this case, the displaced people felt that the rich neighborhoods were protected from the flooding, while only poor neighborhoods were affected, leading them to demand an explanation from the government.

Quiz 21: Collective Action and Social Movements

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

Led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) , a group of homeless people occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto.According to the textbook, what most likely sparked this action?

According to the text, which of the terms below refer to a citizen's right to a certain level of economic security and societal participation?

Over the past 35 years, union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the United States.Why has this occurred?

Two hundred union workers at a college are able to exert considerable pressure on their employer because their union local is part of a national union of 500 000 workers.Why was the small union able to exert such pressure?

According to the textbook, to what stage have newer social movements been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights in Canada?

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C₂ gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?

Which of the following theories is a variant of functionalism?

When contract negotiations break down between a union on a university campus and the university administration, which strategy is likely to be used by the union to extract concessions from the employer?

Based on research by Charles Tilly and his colleagues, why did group violence increase in France when national elections were held?

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

What is the right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada part of?

According to the textbook, which of the following people is most likely to join a social movement?

What is the term for the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and justice before the law?

Which of the following concepts does the study of riots and other non-routine social behaviour illustrate?

Until the 1970s, what did many sociologists believe about the people who led social movements?

Quiz 21: Collective Action and Social Movements

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

Led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) , a group of homeless people occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto.According to the textbook, what most likely sparked this action?

According to the text, which of the terms below refer to a citizen's right to a certain level of economic security and societal participation?

Over the past 35 years, union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the United States.Why has this occurred?

Two hundred union workers at a college are able to exert considerable pressure on their employer because their union local is part of a national union of 500 000 workers.Why was the small union able to exert such pressure?

According to the textbook, to what stage have newer social movements been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights in Canada?

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C2 gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?

Which of the following theories is a variant of functionalism?

When contract negotiations break down between a union on a university campus and the university administration, which strategy is likely to be used by the union to extract concessions from the employer?

Based on research by Charles Tilly and his colleagues, why did group violence increase in France when national elections were held?

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

What is the right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada part of?

According to the textbook, which of the following people is most likely to join a social movement?

What is the term for the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and justice before the law?

Which of the following concepts does the study of riots and other non-routine social behaviour illustrate?

Until the 1970s, what did many sociologists believe about the people who led social movements?

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C₂ gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?